Ear tubes, also known as myringotomy tubes, tympanostomy tubes, or pressure equalization (PE) tubes, are small devices surgically placed into the eardrum. They address recurrent ear infections or persistent fluid accumulation behind the eardrum, conditions common in children between 6 months and 3 years old. The procedure to insert them is safe and quick.
Understanding Ear Tube Function
Ear tubes ventilate the middle ear. They allow air to enter this space, which helps to equalize pressure.
The tubes also create a pathway for fluid to drain from the middle ear, preventing buildup that can lead to infections. This drainage helps resolve existing infections and prevent new ones by preventing fluid buildup. Over time, this ventilation and drainage can reduce swelling in the Eustachian tube, allowing it to return to normal function.
Eardrum Rupture with Ear Tubes
While ear tubes are designed to reduce the risk of eardrum rupture caused by pressure buildup from fluid, a rupture can still occur, though it is uncommon. However, other factors can lead to a tear in the eardrum even with tubes in place.
Direct trauma is a primary cause of rupture when tubes are present. This can include injuries from inserting foreign objects like cotton swabs or bobby pins into the ear canal. Severe infections that develop around the tube or in the middle ear can also weaken the eardrum tissue, potentially leading to a rupture. Less commonly, the eardrum can perforate if the ear tube dislodges, leaving a small hole that may not close on its own.
Symptoms and Next Steps
A ruptured eardrum can manifest with several symptoms. People may experience sudden ear pain that might quickly subside, followed by drainage from the ear that can be clear, pus-like, or bloody. Other common symptoms include hearing loss or a muffled sensation in the affected ear, a ringing or buzzing sound (tinnitus), or a spinning sensation (vertigo).
If a ruptured eardrum is suspected, especially with ear tubes, seek medical attention promptly. An ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist can examine the ear with an otoscope to confirm the perforation and assess for infection. While many small eardrum perforations heal on their own within a few weeks to several months, medical evaluation is important to ensure proper healing and prevent complications such as recurrent infections or ongoing hearing loss.