An armpit yeast infection, known medically as axillary candidiasis, is a common fungal skin condition caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast naturally present on the body. This localized infection manifests as a bright red, itchy rash in the underarm area, often accompanied by inflammation and sometimes small, pimple-like spots. While Candida species are typically harmless components of the skin’s microflora, an imbalance allows them to multiply uncontrollably, leading to infection. The infection can spread both across the individual’s own body and potentially to others.
The Environment That Allows Yeast to Thrive
The armpit is a particularly hospitable environment for Candida growth because it is a skin fold area that naturally traps warmth and moisture. Excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis, significantly contributes to this problem by keeping the skin constantly damp. Friction from skin rubbing on skin, especially in individuals with larger skin folds, can also break down the skin barrier, making it easier for the fungus to invade the tissue. Tight-fitting or non-breathable clothing exacerbates this by trapping heat and moisture, further promoting yeast proliferation.
Spreading to Other Areas of the Body
An armpit yeast infection can spread to other locations on the body through a process called autoinoculation. This occurs when active Candida organisms are physically transferred from the infected armpit to another susceptible area. Transfer often happens via the hands, such as when scratching the rash or applying products before touching other body parts.
The secondary sites most susceptible to this spread are other intertriginous areas, where skin rubs against skin. These areas frequently include the groin, under the breasts, in abdominal skin folds, and between the fingers and toes. Contaminated items like towels or clothing can also act as vehicles for transfer.
If left untreated, a localized infection carries the risk of becoming more widespread. In rare instances, this could lead to a systemic infection where the fungus enters the bloodstream.
Transmission Between People
Person-to-person transmission of Candida is possible, though it is not considered highly contagious. The likelihood of transmission resulting in an infection depends heavily on the health and vulnerability of the recipient. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or who have conditions like HIV, are significantly more susceptible.
Transfer involves direct contact or sharing personal items contaminated with the yeast. Sharing towels, razors, or clothing can facilitate the movement of Candida. Direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact could also transfer the organism, especially if the recipient has broken or irritated skin. A robust immune system and healthy skin generally prevent the transferred Candida from multiplying in a new host.
Stopping the Spread and Treating the Infection
Stopping the spread requires a dual approach: eliminating the fungus and controlling the environmental conditions that support its growth. Treatment for localized infections involves the consistent use of topical antifungal medications, which can be purchased over the counter. These topical treatments typically contain active ingredients such as clotrimazole or miconazole. They must be applied for the full duration recommended, even if symptoms appear to clear quickly.
Keeping the armpit area meticulously clean and dry is a fundamental step in treatment and prevention. After showering, the skin must be dried thoroughly, perhaps by gently patting or using a hairdryer on a cool setting, to remove all residual moisture. Applying an antifungal powder can help absorb sweat and maintain a dry surface throughout the day.
Wearing loose-fitting clothes made from breathable natural fabrics like cotton helps promote airflow and reduces friction. Contaminated items, particularly towels and clothing worn close to the infected area, should be washed separately and in hot water when possible to kill the fungal spores. For severe or persistent cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger topical medications or oral antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole, to resolve the infection.