Anthurium plants, known for their waxy, colorful spathes and heart-shaped leaves, are popular houseplants. They are typically grown in a chunky, well-draining soil mix. However, an Anthurium can live long-term in water, provided the care regimen is transitioned from traditional soil culture to a specialized water-based system. This soil-less method, often called water culture, allows the plant to survive and thrive. Success requires a commitment to consistently managing the water, oxygen, and nutrient supply.
Understanding Water Propagation Versus Water Culture
People place Anthuriums in water for two distinctly different reasons. Water propagation is a temporary technique used to encourage new roots on a cutting before it is transferred into a permanent growing medium. The cutting remains in plain water for several weeks until the roots are established, then it is repotted.
Water culture, conversely, is the practice of growing a mature plant permanently in water, functioning as passive hydroponics. This method requires transitioning the entire root system from soil to live in a reservoir indefinitely. Long-term growth depends entirely on the deliberate addition of specialized nutrients, as water alone cannot provide the necessary minerals.
Preparing Anthurium for Long-Term Water Growth
Transitioning a soil-grown Anthurium to a water-only environment requires meticulous preparation to prevent root rot. First, gently remove the plant from its pot and shake off as much old soil as possible from the root ball. The roots must then be thoroughly rinsed under lukewarm running water to remove every trace of residual organic matter. Remaining soil or debris will quickly decompose in the water, creating an anaerobic environment that leads to decay.
Once the roots are clean, place them into a clean vessel large enough to accommodate the root mass. Use filtered, distilled, or rainwater, as these options contain fewer dissolved solids and salts than tap water. The water level must be high enough to submerge the entire root system. However, the plant’s stem or crown must remain above the water line to avoid soft rot. The plant may show signs of stress, such as leaf yellowing, during the initial acclimation period as it develops specialized water roots.
Maintaining Health in Water-Grown Anthuriums
The long-term health of a water-grown Anthurium depends heavily on consistent nutrient delivery and water hygiene. Since water contains no inherent nutrients, a diluted liquid fertilizer must be added to the solution. Use a balanced hydroponic fertilizer that provides Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K). Apply the liquid fertilizer at a reduced strength, typically one-quarter to one-half the concentration recommended for soil-based plants, to prevent root burn.
The water should be fully changed and the vessel cleaned every one to four weeks. This refreshes the oxygen supply and eliminates mineral buildup. Frequent water changes are necessary to prevent the water from becoming stagnant, which is the primary cause of root rot.
Managing Algae and Light
Algae growth is common in clear glass containers because the roots are exposed to light and the water contains nutrients. Algae competes with the plant for nutrients and should be wiped away during water changes. Using an opaque container can largely prevent algae formation by blocking light from reaching the water and roots. Place the plant in bright, indirect light within the temperature range of 65°F to 85°F to ensure efficient photosynthesis and nutrient uptake.