Allergy drops, or sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), treat the root cause of allergies rather than just managing symptoms. Many individuals wonder if these drops might worsen their allergic reactions. Understanding how they work, what normal responses entail, and when to be concerned can clarify this common question.
How Allergy Drops Work
Allergy drops are a form of immunotherapy, modifying the immune system’s response to allergens. This treatment involves placing small, controlled doses of substances like pollen or dust mites under the tongue. Consistent exposure helps the body build tolerance. Specialized immune cells under the tongue, called dendritic cells, retrain the immune system to reduce strong reactions. This process can lead to a reduction in allergy symptom severity and frequency.
Expected Temporary Reactions
When starting allergy drops, mild, temporary reactions are common. These localized symptoms indicate the immune system is adjusting to allergen exposure. Common reactions include itching or swelling in the mouth, lips, or throat, or a tingling sensation under the tongue. Some may also notice mild stomach discomfort, such as nausea or abdominal cramping. A temporary increase in usual allergy symptoms, such as sneezing or itchy eyes, can also occur. These reactions are generally short-lived, often subsiding within hours, and tend to decrease over the first few weeks as the body builds tolerance.
Signs of a More Serious Reaction
While mild reactions are common, rare but serious signs require immediate medical attention. Anaphylaxis, a severe systemic allergic reaction, can occur, though it is far less common with allergy drops compared to allergy shots. Symptoms include severe swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, or chest tightness. Other signs may involve widespread hives, dizziness, a sudden drop in blood pressure, or a rapid heart rate. These symptoms are not normal expected responses and indicate a medical emergency.
What to Do If You Experience Side Effects
If side effects occur, communicate with your prescribing doctor or allergist. For mild, temporary reactions like oral itching, rinsing the mouth with water or taking an approved antihistamine can help alleviate symptoms. Many mild reactions resolve on their own as treatment continues. For any signs of a serious reaction, such as difficulty breathing or widespread hives, seek emergency medical care immediately. Never adjust the dosage or discontinue treatment without first consulting a healthcare professional.