Allergies can influence blood sugar levels. While the allergic reaction itself does not directly cause high blood sugar, the body’s response to an allergen and certain allergy medications can lead to fluctuations.
Physiological Link Between Allergies and Blood Sugar
When the body encounters an allergen, it initiates a stress response. This response involves the release of stress hormones, primarily cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine). Cortisol, often called the “stress hormone,” increases blood sugar levels by prompting the liver to produce and release more glucose into the bloodstream. It also reduces the body’s sensitivity to insulin, making cells less effective at absorbing glucose from the blood.
Adrenaline also contributes to increased blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose, providing a quick energy burst for the body’s “fight-or-flight” response. Chronic activation of this stress response can lead to persistently elevated blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. Inflammation, a hallmark of allergic reactions, can contribute to insulin resistance, making it harder for the body to manage glucose effectively.
Allergy Medications and Blood Sugar Levels
Certain medications used to treat allergy symptoms can directly affect blood sugar. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are well-known for their ability to raise blood sugar levels. These medications reduce inflammation but can cause the liver to release more glucose and decrease insulin sensitivity. The effect can be significant, sometimes leading to “steroid-induced diabetes,” though blood sugar often returns to normal once the medication is stopped.
Decongestants, commonly found in over-the-counter allergy and cold remedies, can also elevate blood sugar. Ingredients like pseudoephedrine stimulate the central nervous system, leading to the release of hormones that can increase glucose and blood pressure. Most antihistamines, such as loratadine (Claritin) or cetirizine (Zyrtec), generally do not directly impact blood glucose levels. However, some older antihistamines can cause drowsiness, which might indirectly affect blood sugar management by reducing physical activity or making it difficult to monitor glucose levels.
Managing Blood Sugar Amidst Allergy Symptoms
Managing blood sugar amidst allergy symptoms requires a proactive approach. Consistent blood sugar monitoring is important, especially during allergy season or symptom flare-ups, to identify and address fluctuations promptly. Staying well-hydrated can help dilute excess glucose and alleviate some allergy symptoms.
Maintaining a balanced diet and regular physical activity is important for blood sugar control, even with allergies. If outdoor activity is challenging due to allergens, indoor workouts can be a suitable alternative. Effectively managing allergies by avoiding known triggers and using prescribed treatments can reduce the body’s stress response and lessen its impact on blood sugar. Keeping a log of allergy symptoms, medications taken, and corresponding blood sugar readings can help individuals and their healthcare providers identify patterns and adjust management strategies.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
It is important to consult a healthcare professional if blood sugar readings are persistently high or unexplained, particularly during allergy season. Difficulty controlling blood sugar despite diligent management of allergy symptoms and diabetes also warrants medical attention. Concerns about side effects from allergy medications, especially corticosteroids, known to significantly impact blood sugar, should be discussed with a doctor.
Any severe or worsening allergy symptoms that interfere with daily life or blood sugar control indicate a need for professional medical advice. A healthcare provider can offer personalized guidance on allergy and diabetes management plans, ensuring treatments are safe and effective for individual health needs. Professional insight is important for managing both conditions.