Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows backward into the esophagus, the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. This backward flow can cause discomfort and irritation in the esophageal lining. Hiccups are involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle at the base of the lungs that plays a role in breathing. These spasms cause a sudden intake of breath, which is abruptly stopped by the closing of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic “hic” sound.
The Connection Between Acid Reflux and Hiccups
Acid reflux can trigger hiccups through the irritation of specific nerves. When stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, it can irritate the vagus nerve and the phrenic nerve. These nerves are part of a reflex pathway that controls involuntary bodily functions, including breathing and digestion.
Irritation or inflammation of these nerves can disrupt the normal contractions of the diaphragm. This disruption leads to erratic spasms of the diaphragm muscle. The vagus nerve’s connection to the gastrointestinal tract explains how digestive disturbances like acid reflux can directly influence the diaphragm’s activity and lead to hiccups.
Recognizing Acid Reflux as the Cause
When hiccups occur alongside other common symptoms of acid reflux, it suggests a potential link. Heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest or behind the breastbone, is a frequent indicator. Regurgitation, the sensation of stomach acid or food backing up into the throat, is also common.
Other accompanying symptoms can include chest pain, a chronic cough, a hoarse voice, or difficulty swallowing. Bloating or nausea may also be present. While hiccups can arise from various causes, observing these additional signs can help identify acid reflux as the probable cause.
Managing Reflux-Related Hiccups
Managing hiccups caused by acid reflux often involves lifestyle adjustments to reduce reflux. Eating smaller, more frequent meals instead of large ones can help prevent the stomach from over-expanding, which may alleviate pressure. Avoiding trigger foods such as coffee, chocolate, fatty or spicy foods, and carbonated beverages can also minimize acid and irritation.
It is beneficial to avoid lying down immediately after eating; waiting at least three hours allows food to digest and stomach acid levels to decrease. Elevating the head of the bed by 6 to 9 inches can help prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep. Over-the-counter antacids can provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid. Histamine (H-2) blockers reduce acid production, offering longer-lasting relief. If hiccups persist for more than 48 hours, recur frequently, or are accompanied by other concerning symptoms like difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, or severe chest pain, consulting a healthcare provider is advisable.