A yeast infection, medically known as vulvovaginal candidiasis, is a common fungal infection affecting the vaginal area. It occurs when there is an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans, a naturally occurring yeast. Certain factors like antibiotic use, hormonal changes, or a weakened immune system can disrupt the natural balance, leading to an infection.
Common Yeast Infection Symptoms
Individuals experiencing a vaginal yeast infection typically notice intense vaginal itching, ranging from mild to severe. Discomfort often includes a burning sensation, particularly during urination or sexual intercourse. Redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina are also common indicators of inflammation.
Another symptom is a characteristic discharge. This discharge is often thick, white, and odorless, frequently described as resembling cottage cheese. Its consistency can vary, but it is generally distinct from the thin, clear, or milky discharge of a healthy vagina.
Yeast Infections and Bloody Discharge
Bloody discharge is not a direct symptom of a yeast infection itself. However, a yeast infection can indirectly lead to minor bleeding or spotting. The severe inflammation and irritation caused by the overgrowth of Candida can make vaginal tissues more fragile and prone to damage. This fragility means activities like scratching, sexual intercourse, or inserting medication can cause tiny tears or abrasions.
These small injuries can result in light spotting, appearing as a pinkish or brownish tint in the discharge. Dried blood can also make the discharge appear brownish. Any significant or heavy bleeding is not associated with a yeast infection and usually indicates a different underlying cause.
Other Reasons for Bloody Discharge
Vaginal bleeding outside of a menstrual period can stem from various causes. Hormonal fluctuations are a frequent culprit, such as spotting during ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary). Changes in birth control methods, including starting or stopping hormonal contraceptives, can also lead to irregular bleeding. Implantation bleeding, a light spotting that occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall, is another common cause in early pregnancy.
Cervical irritation, after vigorous sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam, can also result in minor spotting due to the delicate nature of the cervix. Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs), like chlamydia or gonorrhea, can cause inflammation and bleeding of the cervix or uterus. Benign growths like uterine polyps or fibroids may also cause abnormal bleeding. In rarer instances, persistent or heavy unexplained bleeding can be a sign of more serious conditions, including certain precancerous changes or cancers of the reproductive organs.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience bloody discharge, especially if unexplained or concerning. Seek medical advice if the bleeding is heavy, persistent, or accompanied by severe pain. If you suspect a yeast infection and your symptoms do not improve with over-the-counter treatments, or if your symptoms worsen, medical evaluation is recommended.
Other reasons to see a doctor include foul-smelling discharge, fever, or pelvic pain alongside the bleeding. If this is your first time experiencing symptoms of a yeast infection, or if you have recurrent infections, a professional diagnosis is needed for proper treatment. Any unusual or new vaginal bleeding warrants medical assessment to rule out more serious underlying conditions and ensure appropriate care.