A vaginal yeast infection is a common fungal infection. While bleeding is not typically a primary indicator, it can sometimes occur due to the irritation and inflammation it causes.
Understanding Yeast Infections
Vaginal yeast infections arise from an overgrowth of Candida fungus, which naturally resides in the vagina. A disruption in the normal balance of yeast and beneficial bacteria can lead to this overgrowth. Common symptoms include intense itching or burning, redness, irritation, and a thick, white vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese with little odor.
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a yeast infection. These include antibiotic use, which disrupts the natural balance of vaginal microorganisms. Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or from birth control pills, also contribute. Additionally, uncontrolled diabetes and a weakened immune system can make individuals more susceptible.
How Yeast Infections Can Cause Bleeding
Bleeding can sometimes manifest as light spotting or streaking. This occurs because the infection causes significant inflammation and irritation of the delicate vaginal and vulvar tissues. The redness and swelling can make these tissues more fragile and prone to micro-tears or superficial bleeding.
Persistent and often severe itching associated with a yeast infection can also lead to minor bleeding. Scratching the affected areas to alleviate discomfort can cause small abrasions or cracks in the sensitive skin. These tiny breaks may then bleed. Bleeding is generally light, appearing as pink spotting (fresh blood mixed with discharge) or light brown discharge (older blood).
When to Seek Medical Attention
It is important to seek medical attention if vaginal bleeding occurs with suspected yeast infection symptoms. While light spotting can be related to yeast infection irritation, any heavy or persistent bleeding, or bleeding with severe pain, warrants a professional medical evaluation. Self-diagnosis and self-treatment for bleeding are not recommended.
A healthcare provider can perform a physical examination and may take a sample of vaginal discharge to confirm a yeast infection and rule out other conditions. This diagnostic process helps ensure the bleeding is not a symptom of a more serious issue. An accurate diagnosis allows for appropriate antifungal treatment to resolve the infection and its symptoms.
Other Factors Contributing to Vaginal Bleeding
Vaginal bleeding not part of a regular menstrual cycle can have various causes beyond yeast infections. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those related to ovulation, hormonal birth control, or menopause, are common reasons for spotting. Minor vaginal trauma can also result in light bleeding.
Other infections can also cause vaginal bleeding. These include sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis, which can lead to inflammation and bleeding of the cervix or uterus. Conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, uterine fibroids, or polyps can similarly present with irregular bleeding. Any unexplained or concerning vaginal bleeding should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.