Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition resulting from an imbalance of naturally occurring bacteria. It affects roughly one-third of reproductive-aged women globally. While not traditionally classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), BV’s occurrence is often associated with sexual activity. This article explores its potential transmission to male partners.
What is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when there is an overgrowth of certain anaerobic bacteria in the vagina, alongside a decrease in beneficial lactobacilli. This shift disrupts the normal vaginal flora, which typically maintains a healthy balance. Symptoms, when present, can include an unusual thin, white, or gray vaginal discharge, a “fishy” odor that may become stronger after sex, vaginal itching, or a burning sensation during urination. Although sexual activity is a risk factor, BV is distinct from STIs like chlamydia or gonorrhea, as it involves an imbalance of bacteria already present in the vagina, not an infection solely acquired through sexual contact.
Can Men Contract Bacterial Vaginosis?
Men do not “get” bacterial vaginosis in the same way women do because BV is a condition specific to the vaginal microbiome. The male anatomy does not possess the same delicate balance of bacteria found in the vagina, which defines BV. Therefore, men do not develop the symptoms associated with BV, such as vaginal discharge or odor, nor do they require treatment for BV as an infection within their own bodies.
However, male partners can temporarily carry BV-associated bacteria on their skin or genitals after engaging in sexual activity with a female partner who has BV. This carriage of bacteria does not cause an infection or symptoms in men themselves. This temporary presence of bacteria in male partners has been linked to the recurrence of BV in their female partners following treatment. While men don’t experience the bacterial imbalance of BV, they may play a role in its persistence for women.
Understanding Male Partner Involvement and Prevention
While men cannot contract BV themselves, their involvement can be important in preventing recurrence in their female partners. Traditionally, male partners have not been treated for BV, as the condition is specific to the vaginal environment. However, recent research suggests that treating male partners with a combination of oral and topical antimicrobial therapy can significantly reduce the rate of BV recurrence in their female partners. In one study, 35% of women experienced BV recurrence when both partners were treated, compared to 63% when only the woman received treatment.
Consistent condom use can also help reduce the transfer of BV-associated bacteria and may lower the risk of recurrence for the female partner. Open communication about sexual health between partners is also beneficial. Women can also take steps to maintain overall vaginal health, such as avoiding douching, which can disrupt the natural bacterial balance. BV is highly treatable in women with antibiotics. Male partners can support their female partners by encouraging them to seek and complete treatment.