Wolf spiders are common arachnids capable of biting. However, incidents are infrequent and not indicative of aggression towards humans.
Do Wolf Spiders Bite?
Wolf spiders are not typically aggressive towards people. A bite usually occurs when the spider perceives a threat, such as being accidentally pressed against skin, handled, or when protecting its egg sac or young. Their primary defense mechanism involves fleeing from potential danger rather than confronting it. The venom of a wolf spider is generally not dangerous to humans.
Spotting a Wolf Spider
Wolf spiders have several key physical characteristics. They are typically medium to large, with body lengths ranging from about 1/2 inch to 2 inches, and possess a hairy appearance. Their coloration varies, often appearing brown, gray, or black, with patterns that provide camouflage.
A distinguishing feature is their unique eye arrangement: eight eyes in three rows, with four small eyes on the bottom, two very large eyes in the middle, and two medium-sized eyes on top. They possess stout, long legs, reflecting their hunting style of chasing prey rather than building webs. Wolf spiders commonly inhabit gardens, leaf litter, and burrows outdoors, but may also be found indoors in basements or garages, often near water sources.
What to Expect from a Wolf Spider Bite
A wolf spider bite typically results in mild symptoms. The immediate sensation is often described as a sharp sting, similar to a bee sting. At the bite site, individuals may observe redness, swelling, and mild pain, which can be accompanied by itching. Small fang marks may be visible on the skin. These symptoms are localized and tend to subside within a few days with at-home care.
Serious reactions to a wolf spider bite are rare, usually occurring in individuals with specific sensitivities or allergies to spider venom. Signs indicating a more severe reaction or potential infection include a red line extending from the bite, a spreading rash, increasing facial swelling, difficulty breathing, or dizziness. If pain persists, or if there are signs of infection such as pus or worsening redness, seeking medical attention is advisable.
Treating a Wolf Spider Bite and Preventing Them
Treating a wolf spider bite involves basic first aid to manage discomfort and prevent infection. The bitten area should be thoroughly cleaned with warm water and soap. Applying a cold compress or ice pack can help reduce swelling and pain. Elevating the affected limb also assists in minimizing swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help with discomfort, and antihistamines may be used to reduce itching, which helps prevent scratching that could lead to infection.
Preventing wolf spider encounters involves making homes less appealing to them.
Sealing Entry Points
Sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, around windows, and doors blocks entry into structures.
Reducing Hiding Spots
Regular cleaning and decluttering, especially in less disturbed areas like basements, attics, and closets, eliminates potential hiding spots.
Managing Outdoor Habitats
Outdoors, trimming vegetation, bushes, and trees away from the house removes pathways and shelter. Removing outdoor clutter such as woodpiles, leaf litter, and building materials also reduces attractive habitats. Using yellow or sodium vapor lights outdoors can deter them by making areas less attractive to the insects wolf spiders prey upon.