Walruses, instantly recognizable by their prominent tusks and whiskered snouts, are captivating marine mammals inhabiting the Arctic and subarctic regions. Their immense size and formidable appearance naturally lead to questions about their potential danger to humans. While encounters are rare, understanding the physical capabilities and behaviors of these animals is important for anyone venturing into their natural habitat.
Understanding Walrus Physical Prowess
Walruses possess an imposing physique that makes them formidable creatures. Adult males, particularly the Pacific walrus subspecies, can reach lengths of 2.7 to 3.6 meters (9 to 12 feet) and weigh between 800 to 1,700 kilograms (1,800 to 3,700 pounds), with individuals exceeding 2,000 kilograms (4,400 pounds). This immense bulk is supported by a thick layer of blubber, which can be up to 10 centimeters (3.9 inches) thick and constitutes a significant portion of their body weight, providing insulation and energy reserves. Their skin itself can be over an inch (2.54 cm) thick.
The most distinctive and potentially dangerous features of a walrus are its tusks, which are elongated canine teeth that grow continuously throughout their lives. These ivory tusks can grow up to 1 meter (3.28 feet) long in males and weigh around 5 kilograms (11 pounds) each, female tusks are shorter. Walruses utilize their tusks for various purposes, including helping them haul their heavy bodies onto ice floes, defending against predators like polar bears, and displaying dominance during breeding season. Walruses are slow on land, but they can match a human’s running speed when necessary by moving on all fours. In the water, they are agile and powerful swimmers, capable of reaching speeds of up to 35 kilometers per hour (22 mph) if threatened.
When Walruses Pose a Threat
Walruses are not aggressive towards humans and prefer to avoid confrontation, fleeing into the water when approached. However, they can become dangerous if they feel threatened, especially when protecting their young or their territory. Mothers are protective of their calves, which weigh between 45 to 75 kilograms (99 to 165 pounds) at birth and stay with their mothers for two to five years. A female walrus, when agitated while defending her calf, can inflict serious injury or even death, demonstrating a strong defensive response.
Instances of walrus aggression towards humans are rare but have been documented both on land and at sea. Walruses have been known to attack people in boats, causing severe harm with their tusks or by capsizing the vessel. For example, a 2019 incident involved a walrus capsizing a Russian Navy scientific vessel. Accidental collisions with boats, disturbance of their haul-out sites, or perceived threats to their herd can trigger such defensive behaviors. Additionally, large groups of walruses, particularly when startled, can stampede, posing a risk of trampling, especially to calves.
Staying Safe Around Walruses
To minimize the risk of dangerous encounters with walruses, maintaining a respectful distance is important. When on land, it is advisable to keep at least 100 yards (91 meters) away from walruses. For vessels, maintaining a separation buffer is important; boats less than 50 feet long should remain at least 0.5 nautical miles (approximately 926 meters) away from a walrus haul-out, while larger vessels should maintain even greater distances. Approaching quietly and avoiding sudden movements or loud noises helps prevent startling these animals, as they react strongly to sounds, smells, and visual disturbances.
If an encounter occurs, it is best to back away slowly and calmly, without provoking the animal. Avoid walking between walruses and the sea, as this can cut off their escape route and trigger a defensive reaction. Never attempt to touch or feed walruses, as direct interaction can be perceived as a threat and is illegal under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Observing their behavior is important; signs of disturbance include increased vocalizations, head bobbing, or erratic swimming patterns, signaling that you should retreat. By respecting their habitat and behaviors, humans can safely observe these Arctic inhabitants.