It is possible for a urinary tract infection (UTI) to cause back pain, particularly when the infection progresses. While a typical bladder infection might cause discomfort in the lower abdomen, back pain often indicates that the infection has reached the kidneys. This progression signifies a more serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.
How UTIs Can Cause Back Pain
Urinary tract infections occur when bacteria enter the urinary system, typically through the urethra, and begin to multiply. These bacteria commonly originate from the bowel, such as E. coli. If the infection remains in the bladder, it is known as cystitis, and symptoms usually include burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and lower abdominal pain.
However, if not treated, these bacteria can travel upward from the bladder through the ureters and infect one or both kidneys. This more severe infection is called pyelonephritis, or a kidney infection. The kidneys are located in the upper back, beneath the ribcage, on either side of the spine. When inflamed, this can lead to pain in the lower back or flank area. This pain can be a dull ache or a more intense, sharp sensation, extending to the sides or groin.
Identifying Signs of a Kidney Infection
Recognizing kidney infection signs is important, as it’s more serious than a lower UTI. While lower UTIs primarily cause urinary discomfort, a kidney infection often presents with more systemic symptoms. Individuals may experience a high fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting. Other symptoms include a general feeling of being unwell, aching muscles, and fatigue.
The back pain associated with a kidney infection is felt in the lower back or flank, the area just below the ribs. This pain can be on one side or both, depending on whether one or both kidneys are affected. Unlike general muscle pain, kidney pain does not worsen with movement. Other urinary symptoms, such as cloudy or foul-smelling urine or a persistent urge to urinate, may still be present, but these are accompanied by more severe systemic indicators.
When to See a Doctor and Treatment Options
Seek prompt medical attention if you suspect a kidney infection, especially if you experience symptoms like high fever, chills, severe back pain, or nausea and vomiting alongside typical UTI symptoms. Older adults may also show signs of confusion or altered mental status. Ignoring these symptoms can lead to more serious complications, including the infection spreading to the bloodstream, a life-threatening condition.
A healthcare provider will diagnose a kidney infection by reviewing your symptoms and conducting a urine test, detecting white blood cells or bacteria. A urine culture may also be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic. In some cases, blood tests or imaging studies like an ultrasound or CT scan may be used to check for blockages or abnormalities in the urinary tract.
Kidney infections are treated with antibiotics. The type and duration prescribed depend on the infection’s severity and the specific bacteria identified. Complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to ensure full clearance and prevent recurrence. For severe infections, hospitalization may be necessary to administer antibiotics intravenously and provide supportive care. Pain relievers like acetaminophen can help manage discomfort during recovery.