Experiencing spotting during pregnancy can be a source of concern for many expectant parents. While light bleeding is a common occurrence, affecting up to 25% of pregnant individuals, it prompts questions about its cause. Spotting can result from various factors, including infections, and understanding these origins helps manage apprehension.
Spotting During Pregnancy
Spotting refers to light vaginal bleeding, often appearing as a few drops of blood. This discharge can range in color from pink to red or brown. A urinary tract infection (UTI) can contribute to spotting during pregnancy. This occurs because the infection causes inflammation and irritation in the urinary tract, potentially leading to blood in the urine or irritation perceived as spotting.
Beyond infections, several other common factors can lead to spotting in pregnancy. Implantation bleeding, which happens when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall about 6 to 12 days after conception, is a frequent cause. This usually occurs around the time a period would be expected and is lighter than a regular menstrual flow. Hormonal shifts during pregnancy can also lead to changes in the cervix, making it softer and more prone to bleeding, especially after sexual activity or a pelvic exam. Non-cancerous growths on the cervix, known as polyps, can also cause spotting.
Identifying a Urinary Tract Infection
Recognizing UTI symptoms during pregnancy is important, as these infections are more common in expectant individuals. Hormonal changes can cause urinary tract muscles to relax, making it easier for bacteria to enter. Additionally, the growing uterus puts pressure on the bladder, preventing complete emptying and creating an environment conducive to bacterial growth.
Common signs of a UTI include a persistent urge to urinate, frequent urination in small amounts, and a burning sensation during urination. Urine might appear cloudy, have a strong odor, or contain visible blood (pink, red, or cola-colored). Some individuals may also experience pelvic discomfort, pressure in the lower abdomen, or pain in the lower back. Some pregnant individuals can have bacteria in their urine without noticeable symptoms, a condition known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Routine urine tests are part of prenatal care for this reason.
When to Contact Your Doctor
Any spotting or bleeding during pregnancy warrants contacting a healthcare provider, even if minor or stops on its own. This allows for proper evaluation to rule out serious underlying issues. When reporting spotting, note the amount, color (e.g., brown, dark red, bright red), and whether it is getting heavier or lighter.
Specific situations require immediate medical attention: moderate to heavy vaginal bleeding, passing tissue, or bleeding accompanied by belly pain, cramping, fever, or chills. If a suspected UTI presents with symptoms like fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or upper back pain (particularly on one side), it could indicate a kidney infection, requiring prompt medical care. Untreated UTIs during pregnancy can lead to complications such as kidney infections, premature labor, or low birth weight.