A urinary tract infection (UTI) affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Bacteria, most frequently E. coli, are the primary cause, typically entering through the urethra and multiplying in the bladder. While prevalent, especially among women, UTIs generally respond well to treatment.
Understanding Bleeding
Bleeding can occur with a urinary tract infection due to the inflammation and irritation the infection causes in the lining of the urinary tract. When bacteria infect the urinary system, the tissues of the urethra, bladder, or even the kidneys can become inflamed. This inflammation can damage small blood vessels, leading to them leaking red blood cells into the urine.
The presence of blood in urine is called hematuria. If the amount is very small and not visible, it is microscopic hematuria, detectable only by a microscope. If enough blood changes urine color, it is gross hematuria, appearing pink, red, or brownish. While bleeding can be a UTI symptom, it is not always common.
When Bleeding Signals Concern
While UTIs can cause some bleeding, certain characteristics warrant immediate medical attention. Large amounts of blood, blood clots, or persistent bleeding warrant prompt evaluation. Bleeding with severe pain, fever, chills, or back pain, especially under the ribs, may suggest a more serious infection, like a kidney infection.
Blood in the urine can also stem from conditions unrelated to a UTI. Kidney stones, hard deposits formed from salts in urine, can cause bleeding and significant pain. Certain bladder issues, including bladder cancer, can also cause blood in the urine, often without pain in early stages. Some medications or strenuous physical activity can also lead to temporary hematuria. Any visible blood in the urine should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause.
Common UTI Symptoms and Seeking Medical Care
Beyond potential bleeding, UTIs present with several common symptoms. Symptoms often include a persistent, strong urge to urinate, painful or burning sensations during urination, and frequent urination in small amounts. Other symptoms include lower abdominal discomfort, pressure in the pelvic area, or pain in the lower back. Urine might appear cloudy or have a strong, unpleasant odor.
It is important to seek medical care if a UTI is suspected. A healthcare provider can diagnose a UTI through a urine sample, using a urinalysis to check for bacteria and white blood cells, and sometimes a urine culture to identify specific bacteria. Most UTIs are treated effectively with a course of antibiotics to clear the infection and alleviate symptoms. Completing the full course of antibiotics is important, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and prevent recurrence or serious complications like kidney infections.