A tooth infection, also known as a dental abscess, develops when bacteria reach the inner part of a tooth, called the dental pulp. These infections can cause discomfort and, if left unaddressed, can spread beyond the tooth itself. It is possible for a tooth infection to spread to the throat, causing issues.
How Tooth Infections Spread
Tooth infections can spread through several pathways, extending from the initial site of infection to adjacent areas, including the throat. One way is through direct extension, where bacteria and pus from the abscess move through the bone and soft tissues. For instance, infections in upper teeth, especially molars, are close to the maxillary sinus, and a severe infection can extend into this sinus cavity, potentially leading to sinusitis. Inflammation and infection from sinusitis can then spread to the throat area.
Infections can also spread via the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and nodes that are part of the body’s immune defense. Bacteria from an infected tooth can enter these lymphatic pathways and travel to lymph nodes in the neck and jaw, causing them to swell. This lymphatic spread can lead to inflammation and pain in the throat region.
Another pathway for bacterial dissemination is the bloodstream. If the infection is severe enough to enter the bloodstream, it can travel to various parts of the body, potentially causing widespread inflammation or more serious systemic conditions. A compromised immune system can also make a person more susceptible to the spread of infection, as the body’s resources are diverted to fight the initial tooth infection, leaving other areas vulnerable.
Recognizing the Signs
Recognizing the symptoms of a spreading tooth infection, especially one affecting the throat, is important for timely intervention. A primary sign is difficulty swallowing, which may be painful or feel restricted due to swelling in the throat or surrounding tissues. A persistent sore throat, often on the same side as the infected tooth, can also indicate the infection has spread.
You might also observe visible swelling in the face, cheek, or neck, which can be a direct result of the infection extending beyond the tooth. Systemic signs of infection can include a fever, indicating a widespread immune response. Chills, fatigue, and a general feeling of being unwell can also accompany a spreading infection. A bad taste or smell in the mouth might signal the presence of pus or bacteria, particularly with an abscess.
Treatment and When to Seek Help
Treating a spreading tooth infection generally involves addressing the bacterial source and managing the spread. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to combat the bacterial infection and prevent further dissemination.
In addition to antibiotics, dental procedures are performed to remove the source of the infection. This may include draining the abscess, where a dentist makes a small incision to release the pus. A root canal procedure can be performed to remove the infected pulp from within the tooth and save it. If the tooth cannot be salvaged, an extraction may be necessary to eliminate the infection source.
It is important to seek immediate or emergency medical attention if you experience severe symptoms. These include significant swelling that extends to the neck or other areas, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or a high fever. Rapid progression of any symptoms also warrants urgent medical evaluation, as these signs can indicate a serious infection requiring prompt professional care.
Preventing Tooth Infections
Preventing tooth infections begins with maintaining consistent oral hygiene practices. Brushing your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste helps remove food particles and plaque, which are primary contributors to bacterial growth. Flossing at least once a day is equally important, as it cleans between teeth and below the gum line where toothbrushes cannot reach.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also important for early detection and prevention. Dentists can identify potential issues like cavities, gum disease, or cracks in teeth before they develop into full-blown infections. Limiting sugary foods and drinks and staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water can also contribute to a healthier oral environment, reducing the risk of decay and subsequent infection.