A tooth infection can cause an elevated white blood cell count, indicating the body’s immune response to an invading pathogen. This increase in white blood cells is a natural defense mechanism aimed at combating the infection.
Understanding White Blood Cells
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are a key component of the body’s immune system. Their primary function involves identifying and destroying foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. An elevated count, referred to as leukocytosis, often signals the presence of an active infection or inflammation within the body. Specific types of white blood cells, like neutrophils, play a significant role in responding to bacterial infections.
How Dental Infections Elevate White Blood Cell Count
A dental infection, such as an abscess, represents a bacterial invasion into the tooth’s pulp or surrounding tissues. When bacteria penetrate these areas, the body’s immune system detects the threat and initiates a response. White blood cells, particularly neutrophils, are rapidly mobilized and sent to the infection site to combat the bacteria. This localized immune activity can lead to a systemic increase in white blood cells, detectable through a blood test. The elevated count signifies the body’s effort to contain and eliminate the infection.
Identifying Signs of a Tooth Infection
Recognizing the signs of a tooth infection is important, as these often accompany an elevated white blood cell count. Common indicators include a severe, constant, throbbing toothache that may spread to the jawbone, neck, or ear. Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures and pain when chewing or applying pressure are also frequent symptoms. Additionally, individuals might experience swelling in the gum or jaw, a persistent bad taste in the mouth, fever, or tender, swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or in the neck.
When to Consult a Dentist or Doctor
Any suspected tooth infection, especially if accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever, facial swelling, or difficulty breathing or swallowing, requires prompt professional evaluation. A dental or medical professional can accurately diagnose the infection and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include antibiotics, a root canal, or tooth extraction, to prevent further complications. Self-treatment is not advised, as untreated dental infections can spread and potentially lead to serious health issues.