Swordfish are powerful, fast-moving ocean inhabitants, known for their distinctive elongated bill, a bony extension of their upper jaw used for hunting. While human encounters are uncommon, these creatures can pose a danger. Though rare, documented instances show interactions with swordfish have led to significant injuries, and in some tragic cases, even fatalities.
Understanding Swordfish Interactions
Swordfish primarily inhabit tropical and temperate waters globally. They are pelagic, meaning they live in the open ocean, and can be found from the surface down to depths exceeding 1,500 feet during the day, often moving closer to the surface at night. These apex predators use their broad, flat bills to slash and stun smaller fish and squid, their primary prey, with swift, lateral head movements through schools of fish.
Human interactions with swordfish most frequently occur during fishing activities, either accidentally or when the fish is hooked or harpooned. Swordfish are generally not aggressive towards humans in their natural environment. Attacks are exceedingly rare and typically happen when the fish feels threatened, provoked, or is actively being captured. One documented case, however, involved an unprovoked attack resulting in an abdominal injury.
How Swordfish Cause Injury
The swordfish’s bill is a prominent feature, often accounting for about one-third of its total body length. Unlike the rounded bills of marlin or sailfish, a swordfish’s bill is wide, flat, and tapers to a sharp point, giving it the common name “broadbill.” This bony extension is rigid and capable of inflicting considerable damage.
Injuries from a swordfish bill can range from punctures and lacerations to severe blunt force trauma. The fish’s remarkable speed, which can reach up to 65 miles per hour, contributes immense force to any impact. Documented cases of injury include penetrating wounds to the abdomen, eye trauma, and even fatal head injuries. Such incidents often occur when a hooked or agitated swordfish thrashes or leaps, inadvertently striking a person or boat.
Staying Safe Around Swordfish
Minimizing risk during any interaction with swordfish involves understanding their behavior and implementing safety measures. When fishing for swordfish, be prepared for their strength and unpredictable movements. Using appropriate heavy tackle and wind-on leaders can help manage the fish closer to the boat, reducing direct handling risks.
Anglers should maintain a safe distance and be aware that a hooked swordfish might jump from the water or thrash violently. If a swordfish is brought alongside a vessel, positioning its bill away from or underneath the boat can prevent accidental strikes. Wearing protective gear, such as heavy-duty gloves and sturdy footwear, is a practical precaution when handling these powerful fish. Respecting the animal’s space and avoiding provocation are fundamental principles for staying safe around swordfish.