A sunburn occurs when skin is overexposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The scalp, like any other skin, can suffer sunburn, especially along the hairline, at the part, or in areas of thinning hair. Understanding the effects of UV radiation on the scalp is important for protecting both skin and hair health.
How Scalp Sunburn Affects Hair
A scalp sunburn directly impacts skin cells and hair follicles. Severe sunburn can temporarily disrupt the hair growth cycle. This disruption can lead to a condition known as telogen effluvium, where more hairs than usual enter the resting (telogen) phase prematurely, causing increased shedding a few weeks or even months after the burn. This hair loss is typically temporary, with hair usually growing back within three to six months.
A sunburned scalp can also lead to perceived hair loss or breakage. As damaged skin heals, it often peels, which can resemble dandruff or cause hair to shed along with the flaking skin. Scratching an itchy, peeling scalp can further exacerbate hair breakage. While sunburn can make hair strands dry, brittle, and prone to breakage, this is distinct from actual hair loss stemming from follicle disruption. In rare, severe cases with deep burns and scarring, permanent hair loss might occur if follicles are extensively damaged.
Protecting Your Scalp and Hair
Protecting your scalp from sunburn is crucial for preventing discomfort and potential hair issues. Wearing a wide-brimmed hat provides an effective physical barrier against UV rays, also shading the face and neck. Scarves and other head coverings offer protection. Cover the scalp even on cloudy days, as UV rays can still penetrate.
Applying scalp-specific sunscreen is another important preventative measure. These products are available in sprays, powders, and lotions, designed to protect the scalp without making hair overly greasy. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, applying it to any exposed areas like the part or thinning spots. Reapply every two hours, or more frequently after swimming or sweating. Limit time in direct sunlight, particularly between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when UV radiation is strongest.
For a sunburned scalp, soothing measures can aid healing. Cool compresses, cool showers, and gentle shampoos free of sulfates or strong fragrances can alleviate pain and inflammation. Applying aloe vera gel or soy-based moisturizers can provide relief and promote healing.
Avoid scratching or picking at peeling skin, as this can increase irritation or lead to infection. During the healing process, avoid harsh hair products, heat styling, and chemical treatments. Seek professional medical attention if severe blistering, signs of infection like pus or yellow crusting, or symptoms such as fever, nausea, or confusion develop. The hair shedding experienced after a sunburn is usually temporary and resolves once the scalp heals.