A stye, a common eyelid condition, can sometimes lead to temporary changes in vision. Understanding styes and their impact clarifies why blurred vision may occur and when to seek attention. Though generally harmless, styes can cause concern, particularly if they affect vision.
What is a Stye
A stye, medically known as a hordeolum, is a red, painful lump that forms on or inside the eyelid. It typically arises when a tiny oil-producing gland in the eyelash follicle or eyelid skin becomes blocked and subsequently infected by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus bacteria. These oil glands, called meibomian glands, are crucial for lubricating the eye’s surface.
The blockage prevents the oil from draining properly, creating an environment where bacteria can multiply. This bacterial overgrowth leads to inflammation and the formation of a tender, pus-filled bump. Common symptoms of a stye include localized redness, swelling, tenderness to the touch, and sometimes a gritty sensation or light sensitivity in the affected eye.
How Styes Affect Vision
A stye can cause temporary blurred vision, though this is not universal and usually mild. The primary cause of this visual disturbance is eyelid swelling and inflammation. When a stye develops, especially if large or on the inner eyelid, swelling can exert pressure on the eyeball.
This external pressure can alter the shape of the cornea, the eye’s clear front surface that focuses light. This temporary corneal distortion can cause astigmatism. Additionally, stye-related inflammation and discharge can disrupt the tear film, contributing to temporary hazy vision. As the stye heals and swelling subsides, pressure on the eyeball lessens, and vision returns to normal.
When Blurred Vision from a Stye Warrants Concern
While stye-related blurred vision is often temporary, certain accompanying symptoms signal a need for medical attention. If blurred vision is sudden, severe, or significantly impairs sight, seek prompt attention. Similarly, if stye pain intensifies, spreads beyond the eyelid, or is accompanied by headache or nausea, seek professional help.
Other red flags include increased light sensitivity (photophobia), changes in pupil size or shape, or if the infection spreads to the entire eyelid or surrounding facial areas, indicating a widespread infection like cellulitis. If the stye does not improve within a few days of home care, or if styes recur frequently, consult an eye care professional to rule out underlying conditions.
Relieving Discomfort and Promoting Healing
Managing a stye at home can help alleviate discomfort and encourage healing, which in turn can resolve any associated blurred vision. Applying warm compresses to the affected eyelid is a common approach. Soak a clean cloth in warm (not hot) water and place it over the closed eye for 10 to 15 minutes, three to five times daily, to help the blocked gland drain.
Good eyelid hygiene is also beneficial. Gently cleaning the eyelid with a diluted solution of baby shampoo and water can help remove debris and reduce bacterial presence. Avoid squeezing or attempting to pop the stye, as this can spread infection or cause further irritation and damage. Additionally, refrain from wearing eye makeup and contact lenses until the stye heals to prevent further contamination and irritation.