A stye is a common, often painful, red bump that forms on the edge of the eyelid. While typically a minor and temporary condition, a stye can sometimes lead to noticeable swelling. This inflammation can cause the affected eyelid to appear droopy, a temporary condition known as pseudoptosis.
What is a Stye?
A stye, medically termed a hordeolum, is an infection of an oil gland or hair follicle within the eyelid. It is caused by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, when a gland becomes blocked, allowing bacteria to multiply and cause inflammation.
There are two types of styes. An external stye develops on the outer edge of the eyelid near the eyelashes, appearing as a pimple-like bump. An internal stye forms deeper inside the eyelid from an infected meibomian gland, which produces oils for the tear film. Internal styes can be more painful due to their location, with common symptoms including redness, tenderness, swelling, a painful lump, and sometimes pus.
How a Stye Can Affect Eyelid Position
A stye can cause a droopy eyelid, known as pseudoptosis. This temporary drooping occurs due to the significant swelling, inflammation, and discomfort that accompanies the infection. The physical weight of the inflamed tissue can weigh down the eyelid, making it difficult to fully open the eye.
The inflammatory response causes fluids to accumulate in the eyelid, leading to visible puffiness. This swelling can also push against the eye, potentially causing temporary blurred vision if the stye is large or located near the cornea. The pain and irritation from the stye can also lead individuals to unconsciously keep the affected eye partially closed, further contributing to the appearance of a droop. This droop is temporary and resolves as the stye heals and swelling subsides, distinguishing it from true ptosis, which involves muscle or nerve issues and is typically more persistent.
Managing a Stye
Most styes can be managed with simple home care measures. Applying warm compresses is a recommended approach to help the stye drain naturally. A clean washcloth soaked in warm water should be held against the closed eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes, three to five times a day. Reheating the washcloth as it cools helps maintain therapeutic warmth.
Maintaining good eyelid hygiene is important. Gently cleaning the affected eyelid with a mild solution, such as diluted baby shampoo or specialized eyelid wipes, can help remove discharge and prevent blockages. Avoid touching or squeezing the stye, as this can spread infection or worsen inflammation. Refrain from wearing eye makeup or contact lenses until the stye resolves to prevent contamination and allow healing.
When to Consult a Doctor
While most styes resolve on their own, certain signs indicate the need for medical attention. If the stye does not show improvement after a few days of consistent home care, or if it worsens in size or pain, a doctor should be consulted. Rapid growth, severe pain, or if the stye begins to bleed are also reasons to seek professional advice.
Medical consultation is recommended if the infection appears to spread beyond the eyelid, causing redness or swelling in other parts of the face, such as the cheek. Any changes to vision, such as persistent blurring, or if the droopy eyelid significantly worsens or remains even after the stye has started to heal, warrants an eye examination. A healthcare provider can recommend appropriate treatment, which may include antibiotics or drainage of the stye.