A sinus infection, also known as sinusitis, occurs when the air-filled cavities in the face become inflamed and swollen. This inflammation often leads to a buildup of fluid, allowing germs like viruses or bacteria to multiply. Many individuals wonder if a sinus infection can influence blood pressure.
How Sinus Infections May Affect Blood Pressure
A sinus infection can influence blood pressure through several physiological responses. When the body fights an infection, its immune system activates, triggering stress responses and widespread inflammation that can temporarily raise blood pressure.
The pain and discomfort associated with a sinus infection, such as facial pressure and headaches, can also increase stress hormones like cortisol. These elevated stress hormone levels can contribute to a temporary rise in blood pressure. Additionally, sinus congestion often disrupts sleep patterns, and insufficient rest is linked to higher blood pressure readings.
In cases of chronic sinusitis, which persists for 12 weeks or more, there may be lasting effects on the cardiovascular system. Ongoing inflammation from chronic sinusitis can contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular problems, including hypertension. Research suggests that this sustained inflammation might also lead to endothelial dysfunction, a condition affecting blood vessels.
Medications and Blood Pressure
Common over-the-counter and prescription medications used to relieve sinus infection symptoms can significantly affect blood pressure. Decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, are a primary concern. These medications work by activating alpha-adrenergic receptors, which causes blood vessels to narrow, thereby reducing swelling in the nasal passages. This vasoconstriction, or narrowing of blood vessels, can also lead to an increase in blood pressure throughout the body.
Pseudoephedrine is generally considered more effective as a decongestant and tends to have a greater impact on blood pressure compared to oral phenylephrine. While phenylephrine can raise blood pressure, it is typically less effective at doing so orally due to poor absorption and minimal systemic effects. Individuals with pre-existing high blood pressure should exercise caution with these medications, as they can exacerbate hypertension.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen, also have the potential to increase blood pressure. NSAIDs can cause the body to retain fluid and may reduce the effectiveness of some blood pressure medications. On average, NSAIDs can raise blood pressure by about 5 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The risk of increased blood pressure from NSAIDs is greater with long-term use or higher doses.
Guidance and When to Consult a Doctor
When dealing with a sinus infection, monitoring your blood pressure is a practical step, especially if you have pre-existing hypertension. Discuss medication choices with a doctor or pharmacist to select safe options for your blood pressure. Prioritizing rest and maintaining good hydration can help reduce overall body stress during an infection.
Consult a healthcare professional if your blood pressure readings are consistently higher than usual during or after a sinus infection. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms like dizziness, severe headaches, or changes in vision.
A doctor’s visit is also warranted if sinus symptoms persist for more than 10 days, worsen after initially improving, or if you develop a persistent or high fever. Any signs of a serious infection, such as pain, swelling, or redness around the eyes, confusion, double vision, or a stiff neck, require prompt medical evaluation.