A sinus infection, also known as sinusitis, can affect a person’s breathing. It occurs when the air-filled pockets in the face, called sinuses, become inflamed and swollen. The inflammation leads to mucus buildup, which can create various breathing difficulties. Understanding this connection can help individuals identify when to seek appropriate care.
Understanding the Connection Between Sinuses and Breathing
The sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones around the nose and eyes. These sinuses are lined with tissue that produces mucus, which helps to humidify inhaled air and trap particles, playing a role in immune defense. Normally, this mucus drains into the nasal cavity. However, during a sinus infection, the lining of these spaces becomes inflamed and swollen, blocking normal drainage pathways and leading to mucus accumulation.
When mucus cannot drain, it creates pressure and congestion within the sinuses and nasal passages. This blockage makes it difficult for air to flow freely through the nose, often forcing mouth breathing, which can dry out the throat and nasal passages. Excess mucus can drip down the back of the throat, known as post-nasal drip. This drip can irritate the throat and contribute to coughing or other respiratory symptoms.
Recognizing Related Breathing Difficulties
Sinus infections cause breathing difficulties. Difficulty breathing through the nose due to nasal congestion often leads to mouth breathing, which can result in a dry mouth and throat. Snoring can also increase or worsen because blocked nasal passages make it harder to breathe quietly during sleep.
Post-nasal drip can cause a persistent cough. This cough may be particularly bothersome at night or when lying down, disrupting sleep. The irritation from post-nasal drip can extend to the lower airways, potentially contributing to conditions like bronchitis. While sinusitis does not directly cause shortness of breath like asthma, the inflammation and post-nasal drip can exacerbate existing asthma symptoms, including coughing and wheezing. Some individuals might also experience chest tightness or pressure linked to the infection.
When to Seek Professional Help
While many sinus infections resolve on their own, seek medical attention if symptoms persist for more than 7 to 10 days without improvement, or if they worsen after initially getting better. Red flag symptoms include a high fever, especially if it lasts more than three days or exceeds 103 degrees Fahrenheit. Severe headache or facial pain, swelling around the eyes, or vision changes like double vision are serious indicators.
If breathing difficulties become severe or interfere with daily activities, seek immediate medical care. Recurrent sinus infections (more than three per year) require professional evaluation. A doctor can diagnose the condition and determine necessary treatment, such as antibiotics or decongestants. A referral to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist may be recommended for persistent issues.