A rectocele and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are distinct health concerns that can affect individuals, particularly women. A rectocele involves a structural change in the pelvic region, while UTIs are bacterial infections of the urinary system. This article explores the potential relationship between these two conditions, examining how a rectocele might influence the occurrence of UTIs.
Understanding Rectocele
A rectocele occurs when the rectum bulges forward into the vagina, forming a pouch-like protrusion. This condition is a type of pelvic organ prolapse, where supportive tissues and muscles of the pelvic floor weaken. Common factors contributing to a rectocele include childbirth, chronic straining during bowel movements due to constipation, aging, and decreased estrogen levels.
How Rectocele Can Contribute to UTIs
A rectocele can indirectly increase the risk of urinary tract infections by affecting the normal function of nearby pelvic organs, including the bladder. When the rectum bulges into the vagina, it can alter the anatomical relationships within the pelvis, sometimes interfering with the complete emptying of the bladder. Incomplete bladder emptying, also known as urinary stasis, creates an environment where residual urine remains in the bladder after urination. This residual urine serves as a breeding ground for bacteria. Bacteria that enter the urethra can multiply rapidly in this residual urine, increasing the likelihood of developing a UTI. The presence of residual urine due to a rectocele facilitates bacterial colonization and growth. Consequently, individuals with a rectocele may experience a higher frequency of UTIs.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Medical Advice
Recognizing the symptoms of a rectocele is important for timely diagnosis and management. Individuals might experience pelvic pressure or a sensation of fullness in the vagina, or feel a bulge or “ball” particularly when straining or standing. Difficulty with bowel movements is another common symptom, including straining, incomplete evacuation, or needing to manually assist stool passage. While these symptoms are distinct from those of a UTI, recurrent UTIs can sometimes be a signal that an underlying issue, such as a rectocele, is affecting bladder function. Consult a healthcare professional if these symptoms are present, as a doctor can perform a physical examination to diagnose a rectocele and assess its severity. Early diagnosis allows for appropriate management, potentially reducing associated complications like recurrent UTIs.
Managing Rectocele to Reduce UTI Risk
Managing a rectocele involves various approaches that can also help reduce UTI risk. Conservative measures include lifestyle adjustments to minimize straining during bowel movements, such as a high-fiber diet, adequate hydration, and using stool softeners to prevent constipation. Pelvic floor physical therapy, including Kegel exercises, can strengthen the muscles supporting the pelvic organs, which can help support the rectum and bladder, potentially improving bladder emptying. For some individuals, a pessary, a removable device inserted into the vagina, can provide support to the prolapsed organs. Surgical options are available for more severe cases of rectocele where conservative treatments are insufficient; surgical repair aims to restore the normal anatomy and provide stronger support to the rectum, which can improve bladder function and reduce urinary stasis, thereby lowering the risk of recurrent UTIs.