A pinched nerve can cause muscle pain. This condition arises when surrounding tissues exert pressure on a nerve, disrupting its normal function and leading to discomfort in the muscles.
Understanding Pinched Nerves
A pinched nerve, or nerve compression, occurs when excessive pressure is applied to a nerve by surrounding tissues. These tissues, such as bones, cartilage, muscles, or tendons, can press against the nerve, interfering with its ability to transmit signals properly. This pressure can occur in various parts of the body, though it is often observed in the spine, wrists, or elbows.
Common causes of nerve compression include a herniated disc, where spinal disc material presses on a nearby nerve root. Bone spurs, bony growths that can develop from conditions like arthritis, can also narrow the space around a nerve, leading to compression. Inflammation from injuries, repetitive motions, or prolonged poor posture can also cause swelling that puts pressure on a nerve. Certain conditions like obesity or pregnancy can also increase pressure on nerves due to added weight or fluid retention.
How Pinched Nerves Cause Muscle Pain
When a nerve is compressed, it sends abnormal signals to the brain, resulting in various pain sensations, including muscle pain. Nerves transmit electrical impulses that control muscle movement and sensation. When this transmission is disrupted, muscles connected to the affected nerve can react with spasms, tightness, or aching. This pain may not always be felt at the compression site but can radiate along the nerve’s pathway.
For instance, a pinched nerve in the neck (cervical radiculopathy) can cause pain that extends into the shoulder, arm, and hand. This pain might manifest as muscle spasms or a deep ache. Similarly, a pinched nerve in the lower back (lumbar radiculopathy or sciatica) can lead to pain that travels down the buttocks and leg, causing muscle discomfort and tightness. This referred pain occurs because the brain interprets the altered signals from the compressed nerve as originating from the areas the nerve typically supplies.
Recognizing Other Symptoms and Seeking Help
Muscle pain is a common symptom of a pinched nerve, but other sensations often accompany it. These can include numbness or a reduced feeling in the affected area, often described as a limb “falling asleep.” Tingling (a “pins and needles” sensation), burning, and sharp or aching pain are also indicators of nerve compression. A pinched nerve can also lead to muscle weakness in the affected limb, making it difficult to perform certain movements or grip objects.
If symptoms persist for several days, worsen, or do not respond to self-care measures like rest and over-the-counter pain relievers, seeking medical attention is recommended. Immediate medical evaluation is needed if you experience severe weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or numbness in the saddle area (inner thighs, buttocks, and perineum).
A doctor can diagnose a pinched nerve through a physical examination, assessing reflexes and muscle strength. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may identify the cause of compression, such as bone spurs or a herniated disc. Treatment often begins with conservative approaches like rest, physical therapy to strengthen and stretch muscles, and medications to reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, steroid injections or surgery may be considered if conservative treatments are ineffective.