A pilonidal cyst is a common skin condition that typically develops at the bottom of the tailbone, just above the crease of the buttocks. This pocket in the skin often contains hair and skin debris. While it may not always cause symptoms, an infected cyst can become painful and require attention.
Understanding Pilonidal Cysts
Pilonidal cysts form in the natal cleft, the crease between the buttocks, and are abnormal skin pockets. They are often caused by loose hairs puncturing the skin, which then become embedded. Friction and pressure from activities like prolonged sitting, wearing tight clothing, or cycling can force these hairs into the skin, leading the body to form a cyst around them.
When a pilonidal cyst becomes infected, it can present with several symptoms. These include pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area. There may also be drainage of pus or blood from an opening in the skin, which can sometimes have an unpleasant odor. The area might feel tender, and a fever or nausea can develop if the infection spreads.
Can a Pilonidal Cyst Pop On Its Own
An infected and swollen pilonidal cyst can rupture or “pop” spontaneously due to internal pressure from accumulated pus. This rupture results in the drainage of pus, blood, and hair from the cyst. While this may offer temporary relief from pressure and pain, it is not a complete resolution of the condition.
Even after a pilonidal cyst drains, the underlying sinus tract, a channel beneath the skin, remains. While immediate symptoms may subside, the area remains susceptible to future infections and recurrences because the source of the problem has not been eliminated. The fluid that escapes can be messy and may have a foul smell.
Why Self-Popping or Delayed Treatment is Risky
Waiting for a pilonidal cyst to pop on its own or attempting to manually pop it carries significant risks. An open wound created by self-drainage is exposed to bacteria, leading to a high risk of infection. The area prone to pilonidal cysts is also susceptible to sweat and friction, which can accelerate infection.
Self-treatment often leads to incomplete drainage, meaning that not all the pus, hair, or debris is removed from the cyst. This incomplete drainage can result in persistent infection, the formation of new sinus tracts, or even abscess formation. If bacteria from the cyst enter the bloodstream, it can cause cellulitis or sepsis. Attempting to pop the cyst can also cause tissue damage, increasing pain and scarring, and does not address the root cause, leading to a high likelihood of recurrence.
Professional Treatment and Prevention
Professional medical intervention is recommended for pilonidal cysts to ensure proper healing and prevent complications. For acute infections or abscesses, a common treatment is incision and drainage, where a healthcare professional makes a small cut to allow the pus and fluid to drain, often providing immediate relief. This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia. While antibiotics may be prescribed for skin inflammation, they usually do not resolve the cyst on their own.
For chronic or recurring cysts, surgical removal of the cyst and the underlying sinus tract may be necessary to prevent future episodes. Post-operative care involves keeping the surgical site clean and dry, changing dressings regularly, and following specific instructions from a healthcare provider. Recovery times can vary, sometimes taking several weeks. Prevention strategies include maintaining good hygiene by regularly washing and thoroughly drying the buttocks area, removing hair in the region, and avoiding prolonged sitting to reduce pressure on the tailbone.