A pessary is a medical device, typically made of soft silicone, that is inserted into the vagina to provide support for pelvic organs. This non-surgical treatment is commonly used to manage conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse, where organs like the bladder or uterus may descend from their normal position, or stress urinary incontinence, which involves involuntary urine leakage. The device helps to hold these organs in place, thereby alleviating uncomfortable symptoms and improving quality of life. Many individuals using or considering a pessary often wonder about its potential connection to urinary tract infections.
Understanding the Link
While pessaries are generally considered safe and effective for managing pelvic floor disorders, their use can be associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) for some individuals. The presence of the pessary can introduce changes within the vaginal environment that may predispose some women to developing UTIs. Healthcare providers typically discuss this possibility with patients during the fitting and follow-up process. Regular monitoring and appropriate care are important to mitigate this risk.
How Pessaries Can Contribute to UTIs
A pessary can increase UTI risk through several mechanisms. Its physical presence can cause irritation or pressure on surrounding tissues. This constant contact may lead to superficial abrasions on the vaginal walls, creating areas where bacteria can more easily adhere and cause infection.
The pessary’s surface can also provide a site for bacteria to colonize and form a protective layer called a biofilm. This biofilm shields bacteria, making them more resistant to the body’s immune responses and antibiotics. If these bacteria migrate from the vaginal area to the urethra, they can ascend into the bladder, leading to a UTI.
Additionally, a pessary can alter the natural balance of microorganisms in the vagina, known as the vaginal flora. This disruption might decrease beneficial bacteria, such as lactobacilli, which normally maintain an acidic environment hostile to harmful bacteria. An imbalance can allow pathogenic bacteria to overgrow, increasing the chance of infection.
If a pessary is not properly fitted or shifts position, it can exert pressure on the urethra. This pressure may lead to incomplete bladder emptying, leaving residual urine in the bladder. Stagnant urine provides an ideal breeding ground for bacteria, increasing the risk of UTI development.
Minimizing UTI Risk with Pessary Use
Proper hygiene is crucial for reducing UTI risk when using a pessary. This includes regular and thorough cleaning of the device, typically with mild soap and water, as instructed by a healthcare provider. Consistent cleaning removes bacteria and prevents biofilm formation on the pessary’s surface.
Adhering to a scheduled removal and cleaning routine is also important. A healthcare provider will recommend how often the device should be removed for cleaning, which can range from daily to weekly if managed at home, or every 3 to 6 months if done by a professional.
Maintaining adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, helps to flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Frequent urination helps prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder lining and multiplying. Urinating immediately after sexual activity can also help expel any bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
Promptly reporting any potential UTI symptoms to a healthcare provider is essential. Symptoms such as burning during urination, increased frequency or urgency, or cloudy or foul-smelling urine should be addressed quickly. Early detection and treatment can prevent a minor infection from escalating.
Regular medical check-ups are important to ensure the pessary remains properly fitted and to monitor for complications. These appointments, typically every 3 to 12 months, allow the provider to assess vaginal tissues for irritation or erosion, and check the pessary’s fit.