A pessary is a medical device designed for insertion into the vagina to provide support for pelvic organs, often used to manage conditions like pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence. A Urinary Tract Infection, commonly known as a UTI, involves an infection affecting any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections typically arise when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra. This article explores the potential connection between pessary use and the development of UTIs.
Understanding the Link Between Pessaries and UTIs
Pessaries can influence the urinary tract environment, potentially increasing the likelihood of bacterial infections. One mechanism involves mechanical irritation, where the pessary’s direct contact can irritate the delicate tissues of the urethra. This irritation, caused by continuous pressure or rubbing, can create micro-abrasions, making the urethral lining more susceptible to bacterial adherence and infection.
Additionally, a pessary might alter the anatomical configuration or exert pressure on the urethra or bladder neck. This can lead to incomplete bladder emptying, where residual urine remains. Stagnant urine provides an ideal breeding ground for bacteria, increasing the risk of ascending infection. Proper bladder emptying is a natural defense against UTIs.
The pessary itself can also serve as a surface for bacterial colonization, fostering the formation of biofilms. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms encased in a protective matrix, making bacteria more resistant to immune responses and antibiotics. Introducing a foreign body can also disrupt the natural balance of beneficial vaginal bacteria, allowing uropathogenic bacteria to proliferate and ascend into the urinary tract.
Identifying and Preventing UTIs When Using a Pessary
Identifying Symptoms
Recognizing UTI symptoms is important for pessary users. Common indicators include a frequent urge to urinate, even immediately after emptying the bladder, and a burning sensation during urination. Other signs may involve cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort or pain in the pelvic area, often felt in the lower abdomen or back. These symptoms warrant prompt attention to prevent the infection from worsening.
Prevention Strategies
Several strategies can minimize UTI risk with a pessary. Maintaining proper hygiene is a foundational step; this includes thorough handwashing before handling the pessary and cleaning the device according to a healthcare provider’s specific instructions. A correctly fitted pessary is also important, as an ill-fitting device can exacerbate irritation or interfere with bladder emptying.
Regular removal and cleaning of the pessary, as advised by a healthcare provider, helps reduce bacterial buildup on its surface. The frequency of cleaning typically ranges from daily to a few times a week, depending on the pessary type and individual circumstances. Adequate hydration, by drinking plenty of fluids, particularly water, can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract, further supporting prevention efforts.
Next Steps if a UTI is Suspected
If UTI symptoms arise with pessary use, consult a healthcare provider promptly. Self-diagnosing or attempting home remedies for a suspected UTI can lead to complications, as prompt and accurate diagnosis is necessary. A medical professional can assess the symptoms and determine the appropriate course of action.
Diagnosis typically involves a urine test, such as a urinalysis and urine culture, to identify the presence and type of bacteria causing the infection. Based on these results, healthcare providers usually prescribe antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection. Early initiation of antibiotic treatment can prevent the infection from spreading to the kidneys or causing other more serious health issues.
During the treatment period, the healthcare provider might provide specific guidance regarding pessary management. This could involve temporarily removing the pessary, adjusting its cleaning routine, or considering a different type or size of pessary once the infection has cleared. Following all medical advice ensures both the effective treatment of the UTI and proper ongoing pessary use.