Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition involving a disruption in the natural balance of bacteria. A frequent question is whether menstruation can influence its onset or recurrence. This article explores the relationship between a period and the vaginal environment.
What is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Bacterial Vaginosis is characterized by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina. In a healthy vaginal environment, beneficial bacteria, primarily Lactobacillus species, are abundant. These Lactobacillus produce lactic acid, which helps maintain an acidic pH level, typically between 3.5 and 4.5. This acidic environment discourages the growth of other, less desirable bacteria.
When the balance shifts, the number of protective Lactobacillus bacteria decreases. This allows other types of bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella, and Mobiluncus, to overgrow. This overgrowth leads to a change in the vaginal pH, making it less acidic, often rising above 4.5. This alteration in the vaginal microbiome defines Bacterial Vaginosis.
How Menstruation Influences Vaginal Balance
Menstruation can influence the delicate balance of the vaginal environment. The pH of menstrual blood is typically higher, or more alkaline, than the normal acidic pH of the vagina, usually ranging from 7.3 to 7.4. The presence of this more alkaline blood during a period can temporarily raise the overall vaginal pH.
This shift to a less acidic environment makes the vagina less hospitable for beneficial Lactobacillus bacteria. As the Lactobacillus population declines, it creates an opportunity for other bacteria associated with BV to multiply. While tampons or pads are not direct causes of BV, their use involves menstrual blood, which contributes to this temporary pH alteration. The prolonged presence of menstrual blood can further sustain this altered environment, potentially increasing the likelihood of an imbalance.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Recognizing the symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis is important, though about half of individuals with BV experience no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they commonly include an unusual vaginal discharge that may appear thin, white, gray, or greenish. A distinct “fishy” odor, often more noticeable after sex, is another common indicator.
Other symptoms can include vaginal itching or irritation, and a burning sensation during urination. If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. BV is treatable, typically with prescribed antibiotics, taken orally or applied as a vaginal cream.
Maintaining general vaginal health involves practices such as avoiding douching, as this can disrupt the natural bacterial balance. Wearing breathable underwear may also promote a healthy environment. While these practices do not specifically prevent BV linked to menstruation, they contribute to overall vaginal well-being.