Mouthguards serve various purposes in dentistry, from protecting teeth during sports to preventing damage from teeth grinding. Many individuals wonder if these oral appliances can inadvertently shift their teeth. While some mouthguards are specifically designed for tooth movement, others can cause unintended shifts if not used or fitted correctly.
Understanding Mouthguards and Their Purpose
Mouthguards come in several forms, each designed for a particular function. Sports mouthguards create a protective barrier for teeth, jaw, and soft tissues, absorbing impact forces during physical activities to prevent injuries. These are typically worn over the top row of teeth.
Nightguards, also known as occlusal guards, address bruxism (teeth grinding and clenching). They cushion teeth, preventing wear, cracks, and jaw pain. Unlike sports guards, nightguards protect existing dental structures rather than altering tooth alignment.
Orthodontic appliances, such as clear aligners and retainers, have a different purpose. Clear aligners are custom-made trays that gradually shift misaligned teeth into a desired position through continuous pressure. Retainers are used after orthodontic treatment to maintain teeth in their new positions and prevent shifting back.
The Mechanism of Tooth Movement
Teeth are not rigidly fixed in the jawbone; instead, they can move under sustained pressure. This movement is possible due to the periodontal ligament (PDL), a specialized connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root and anchors it to the alveolar bone. The PDL contains cells that allow for this flexibility.
When continuous force is applied to a tooth, such as from orthodontic braces or aligners, it creates pressure on one side and tension on the opposite side within the PDL. This mechanical stress triggers bone remodeling. On the pressure side, osteoclasts break down bone, creating space for the tooth to move. On the tension side, osteoblasts build new bone to stabilize the tooth in its new position. This coordinated action of bone resorption and formation allows teeth to gradually shift.
When Unintended Shifting Occurs
While some mouthguards are designed to move teeth, others, like nightguards or sports guards, are not meant to alter alignment. However, unintended tooth shifting can occur under specific circumstances. A primary cause is an ill-fitting mouthguard, particularly over-the-counter options like stock or boil-and-bite varieties. These often do not conform precisely to an individual’s dental anatomy, leading to uneven pressure on certain teeth. This misplaced pressure can inadvertently push teeth out of alignment or change the bite over time.
Improper use of a mouthguard can also contribute to unintended shifts. For example, attempting to use a nightguard to self-adjust teeth, or wearing a guard incorrectly, may apply forces in unintended directions. A damaged or worn-out mouthguard can lose its proper fit, leading to uneven pressure. Over time, the material can degrade or become distorted, no longer providing its intended function.
Changes in oral structure can also affect a mouthguard’s fit. Natural tooth movement, such as wisdom teeth eruption, or dental procedures like fillings or crowns, can alter the mouth’s contours. If a mouthguard is not adjusted or replaced to accommodate these changes, it may exert pressure in new areas, potentially causing teeth to shift.
Preventing Unintended Shifts and Seeking Professional Advice
To prevent unintended tooth shifting, obtaining a custom-fitted mouthguard is recommended, especially for non-orthodontic purposes. Professionally made custom guards are tailored precisely to dental impressions, ensuring even pressure distribution and a secure, comfortable fit. This precise fit minimizes the risk of uneven forces that could lead to tooth movement.
Regular dental check-ups are important. A dentist can periodically assess the fit and condition of your mouthguard, making adjustments or recommending replacement if necessary. This helps ensure the appliance continues to function as intended without exerting unwanted pressure on your teeth. It is important to follow all instructions provided by a dental professional regarding the proper wearing and care of your mouthguard.
If you suspect your teeth are shifting due to a mouthguard, or if you experience discomfort, pain, or changes in your bite, consult a dentist or orthodontist promptly. They can diagnose the cause and recommend interventions, such as adjusting or replacing the mouthguard, or exploring other dental solutions.