A mole present for many years can change and develop into skin cancer. Moles are collections of pigment-producing cells, and while most remain benign, they are not static. Monitoring existing moles for alterations is important for early recognition and knowing when to seek professional advice.
Understanding Moles and Their Potential for Change
Moles, or nevi, are common skin growths formed when melanocytes, pigment-producing cells, grow in clusters. Most are common acquired nevi, appearing in childhood and adolescence as small, uniform brown spots or bumps. Some individuals have atypical or dysplastic moles, which are often larger, have irregular borders, and vary in color. While benign, atypical nevi carry a slightly increased risk of developing into melanoma.
An existing mole can transform into melanoma through genetic mutations in melanocytes. These mutations accumulate over time from factors like repeated ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from the sun or tanning beds. Cumulative sun exposure damages DNA in skin cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth. While UV radiation is a primary contributor, transformations can also occur spontaneously due to cellular processes or genetic predispositions.
This cellular change often begins within an existing mole. Regular skin observation is important, as any alteration warrants attention, though not every change signifies cancer.
Identifying Concerning Mole Changes
Recognizing mole changes involves applying the “ABCDEs” of melanoma. Asymmetry means one half of the mole does not match the other. Benign moles are typically symmetrical. Border irregularity refers to ragged, notched, or blurred edges, rather than smooth and well-defined ones.
Color variation within a single mole is a significant indicator, including different shades of brown, black, red, white, or blue. Diameter is also important; moles larger than 6 millimeters (about a pencil eraser’s size) warrant suspicion. This size criterion serves as a helpful warning sign.
Evolving refers to any change in the mole’s size, shape, color, or elevation over time. This includes new symptoms like bleeding, itching, or tenderness. Any evolution in an existing mole warrants evaluation by a healthcare professional. Regularly checking your skin for these signs aids early detection.
Next Steps: Professional Evaluation and Monitoring
If any ABCDE signs are observed in an existing mole, or a new suspicious mole appears, consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional. A professional examination involves a thorough visual inspection, often using a dermoscope. This specialized handheld microscope allows detailed examination of the mole’s structure and pigment patterns, helping differentiate benign from suspicious lesions. If a mole appears concerning, a biopsy may be performed. A small tissue sample is removed and sent for microscopic analysis to confirm or rule out cancer.
Beyond professional evaluations, regular self-skin exams are important, especially for those with many moles or a history of sun exposure. Familiarizing yourself with your skin’s unique pattern enables quicker detection of new or changing lesions. For higher-risk individuals, such as those with a personal or family history of melanoma or numerous atypical moles, regular professional skin checks are recommended, often annually.
Early detection of melanoma, through self-examination or professional screening, significantly improves treatment outcomes. When caught early, melanoma is often highly treatable. Vigilance and timely medical advice for suspicious moles are important for skin health.