A urinary tract infection (UTI) affects any part of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Though more common in women, men can also develop these infections.
Can Men Catch a UTI from a Woman?
Men can develop a UTI following sexual activity, though it is less common than in women. This is not a direct “catching” of bacteria from a woman, but rather an introduction of the man’s own bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, from the perineal region into his urethra during intercourse. Friction during sexual activity can facilitate the movement of these bacteria into the urethra.
The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, which provides a natural barrier against ascending bacteria, making UTIs in men less frequent. However, certain practices, like inadequate hygiene before or after intercourse, can increase the risk of bacterial translocation. The infection typically arises from the man’s own microbial flora being displaced into the urinary tract.
Common Causes and Symptoms of UTIs in Men
Beyond sexual activity, several factors contribute to UTIs in men. An enlarged prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a common cause in older men, as it can obstruct urine flow and prevent complete bladder emptying, creating a breeding ground for bacteria. Kidney stones can also block the urinary tract, leading to urine stagnation and increased susceptibility to infection.
The use of urinary catheters significantly raises the risk of UTIs by providing a direct pathway for bacteria into the bladder. Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract can also impair urine flow and increase infection risk. Weakened immune systems can also make men more vulnerable to UTIs.
Symptoms of a UTI in men often include a frequent and urgent need to urinate. Pain or a burning sensation during urination, known as dysuria, is also a common indicator. The urine may appear cloudy, have a strong, unpleasant odor, or contain traces of blood. In some cases, men might experience fever, chills, or lower back pain, which can signal a more severe infection affecting the kidneys.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If a man suspects he has a UTI, prompt medical attention is advisable, as these infections can indicate an underlying issue in men. Diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms. A urine sample is collected for a urinalysis, which checks for white blood cells, red blood cells, and bacteria.
A urine culture is also performed to identify the specific type of bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics will be most effective. This step is particularly important in men, as the causative bacteria can vary. Treatment for UTIs in men involves a course of antibiotics, which must be completed as prescribed. Ignoring the full course can lead to recurring infections or antibiotic resistance. Increased fluid intake helps flush bacteria from the urinary system and support recovery.