Lipomas are common, non-cancerous growths that often appear as soft lumps under the skin. A frequent concern is whether these fatty lumps can burst. While “burst” might suggest an explosive event, understanding what a lipoma is and how it behaves clarifies this concern.
Understanding Lipomas
A lipoma is a benign tumor composed of fat cells, known as adipose tissue, located just beneath the skin. These growths are typically soft to the touch, movable, and generally painless. They commonly appear on areas like the back, shoulders, neck, arms, and thighs, though they can develop anywhere fat cells are present. Most lipomas are small, often less than 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter, but some can grow larger. They are slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, distinguishing them from cancerous growths.
Can a Lipoma Rupture?
While a lipoma cannot “burst” explosively like a fluid-filled cyst, it can rupture or undergo internal changes. This distinction is important, as a lipoma is a solid mass of fat cells, not a sac of liquid. A lipoma might experience a breakdown or rupture of its internal structure, though this is considered uncommon.
Such an event can be triggered by direct trauma or injury to the area where the lipoma is located. Rapid growth or inflammation, possibly due to infection, can also contribute to internal changes or weakening of the surrounding tissue, leading to a rupture. What some perceive as a “burst” lipoma may actually be a ruptured sebaceous cyst, which contains a different type of material and can drain.
What Happens If a Lipoma Ruptures?
If a lipoma does rupture, symptoms can include increased pain and tenderness in the affected area. The skin over the lipoma may become red, swollen, and feel warm to the touch, indicating inflammation. This internal breakdown releases the fatty contents into the surrounding tissue. If an infection is present or develops, there might be a discharge, which could be oily or pus-like.
The body typically attempts to reabsorb the fatty material released from a ruptured lipoma. However, the rupture can lead to a localized inflammatory response as the immune system processes the released fat. While immediate consequences often involve discomfort and visible signs of inflammation, serious complications are rare.
When to Seek Medical Attention
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional if you notice any new lump or growth on your body to ensure a proper diagnosis. If an existing lipoma suddenly becomes painful, grows rapidly, or changes in color or texture, medical evaluation is recommended. Signs of potential rupture or infection, such as increasing redness, swelling, warmth, or any discharge from the area, warrant prompt attention. A doctor can confirm the nature of the lump and recommend appropriate management, which may include observation or removal if it causes discomfort or concern.