Direct physical engagement with a coyote is strongly discouraged and carries considerable risks. This article provides information on coyote behavior, safe encounter responses, and ways to minimize future interactions.
Understanding Coyote Characteristics
Coyotes are medium-sized members of the dog family, exhibiting an adaptable nature that allows them to thrive in various environments, including urban areas. An average adult coyote typically measures about 48 to 60 inches (122-152 cm) in length, including its tail, and weighs between 20 to 50 pounds (9 to 23 kg). Males generally weigh more than females. Their physical build, characterized by slender legs and a lean body, enables them to run at speeds up to 43 miles per hour (69 km/h) over short distances. While they are naturally wary of humans and often avoid contact, their opportunistic nature and keen senses of smell and hearing make them effective hunters and scavengers.
The Risks of Direct Confrontation
Confronting a coyote presents significant dangers. Despite their size, coyotes possess predatory instincts and physical attributes like sharp teeth and claws, which can inflict serious injuries. Bites carry a risk of infection, and coyotes can transmit diseases such as rabies, tularemia, canine distemper, and mange.
Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, though prompt post-exposure treatment can prevent it. While attacks are uncommon, their frequency has increased, particularly where coyotes are habituated to human presence. Children are particularly vulnerable.
Responding to a Coyote Encounter
When encountering a coyote, the primary goal is to deter it without physical engagement. If a coyote approaches or lingers, make yourself appear large by waving your arms overhead and shouting loudly. Making loud noises by clapping hands, stomping feet, or using a whistle or air horn can also startle the animal and encourage it to leave.
Throwing small objects like sticks or stones near the coyote, but not directly at it, can reinforce the message that it is unwelcome. Maintain eye contact and slowly back away, never turning your back or running, as running can trigger a coyote’s natural chase instinct. If with small children or pets, pick them up immediately to protect them.
Minimizing Coyote Interactions
Proactive measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of coyote encounters near homes and properties. Securing all potential food sources is a primary step; this includes using robust, animal-proof trash cans with tight-fitting lids and avoiding leaving pet food or water bowls outdoors, especially overnight. Removing fallen fruit from trees and cleaning up around bird feeders also eliminates attractants that draw coyotes and their prey. Landscaping adjustments, such as clearing dense brush and trimming overgrown bushes, remove potential hiding spots for coyotes and their prey. Fencing can be effective if it is at least six feet tall, with features to prevent climbing and digging underneath, such as a coyote roller or an L-shaped mesh apron buried underground.