A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes upward through an opening in the diaphragm, the muscular wall separating the chest and abdomen. This opening, called the hiatus, normally allows the esophagus to pass through to connect to the stomach. While this condition is common, particularly in individuals over 50, it often presents without noticeable symptoms and may only be discovered during tests for other conditions.
The Link to Blood Pressure
A direct, universally established cause-and-effect relationship between a hiatal hernia and high blood pressure is not always present. However, research suggests a potential indirect association. A hiatal hernia might not directly cause hypertension, but its presence could contribute to factors that influence blood pressure regulation.
How a Hiatal Hernia Can Influence Blood Pressure
A hiatal hernia can influence blood pressure through several mechanisms. The vagus nerve, which helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure, travels through the diaphragm near the esophagus. Pressure or irritation from a herniated stomach can disrupt the vagus nerve’s normal function, potentially leading to sympathetic nervous system overactivity, which can contribute to higher blood pressure.
The hernia can also contribute to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Sustained elevated pressure within the abdomen can affect blood flow dynamics and influence systemic blood pressure. The chronic pain and discomfort associated with hiatal hernia symptoms, such as heartburn or difficulty swallowing, can induce stress and anxiety. The body’s physiological response to prolonged stress can indirectly elevate blood pressure levels. Chronic inflammation, often linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that frequently accompanies hiatal hernias, is also being explored as a factor in cardiovascular health.
Common Hiatal Hernia Symptoms
Many individuals with small hiatal hernias experience no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are frequently related to acid reflux or GERD. Common indicators include heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest often after eating, and the regurgitation of food or sour liquid into the throat.
Other potential symptoms include:
Non-cardiac chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Frequent belching
Feeling full soon after eating
Some individuals may also experience nausea, or in cases where the hernia is large, shortness of breath due to lung compression. Chest pain from a hiatal hernia can sometimes mimic symptoms of a heart attack, making prompt medical evaluation important to rule out more serious conditions.
Steps for Management and Care
Managing a hiatal hernia often involves lifestyle modifications to alleviate symptoms. These include:
Eating smaller, more frequent meals
Avoiding trigger foods like fatty or fried items, acidic foods, caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, and mint
Avoiding lying down for at least three to four hours after eating
Elevating the head of the bed by six to eight inches for better sleep
Maintaining a healthy weight
Quitting smoking
Over-the-counter remedies like antacids or H2-receptor blockers can help manage acid reflux symptoms. Consulting a healthcare professional is important for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment, especially if symptoms are severe, persistent, or if there are concerns about high blood pressure. A medical doctor can accurately determine the cause of high blood pressure and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for a hiatal hernia.