A herniated disc can be a source of chest pain. The spine is divided into several sections, and the thoracic spine refers to the mid-back region, comprising 12 vertebrae (T1 to T12) located between the neck and the lower back. This section of the spine connects to the rib cage, which provides additional stability and protection for internal organs like the heart and lungs.
How a Thoracic Herniated Disc Causes Chest Pain
A herniated disc occurs when the soft inner material of an intervertebral disc pushes through a tear in the tougher outer layer. These discs act as cushions between the vertebrae, absorbing shock and allowing for spinal movement. Although disc herniations are more frequently found in the lower back (lumbar spine) and neck (cervical spine), they can also occur in the thoracic region.
Thoracic disc herniations are relatively uncommon, accounting for about 0.5% to 4.5% of all disc ruptures. When a disc in the thoracic spine herniates, the displaced material can press on nearby spinal nerves or even the spinal cord itself. This compression or irritation of nerve roots can lead to pain that radiates along the path of those nerves. Since nerves in the thoracic spine supply sensation to the chest wall, irritation can manifest as chest pain.
Identifying Chest Pain from a Herniated Disc
Chest pain originating from a thoracic herniated disc might be described as sharp, shooting, burning, or aching, and it can be localized to a particular area of the chest. Sometimes, the pain may wrap around the rib cage or extend to the back, following a dermatomal pattern. People might describe this radiating pain as feeling like a band tightening around their chest.
Twisting, bending, coughing, sneezing, or taking deep breaths can aggravate the pain, as these actions can increase pressure on the affected disc or nerve. Prolonged sitting or standing might also worsen the discomfort. Conversely, rest or specific positional changes may offer some relief. Associated symptoms can include numbness, tingling, or weakness in the chest wall or abdomen, and tenderness along the spine or ribs in the affected area might also be present.
Seeking Medical Evaluation for Chest Pain
Chest pain can be a symptom of various life-threatening conditions, so seek immediate medical attention for any new, severe, or unexplained chest pain. Conditions such as a heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or other serious issues must be ruled out first.
A medical evaluation for chest pain typically involves a thorough physical examination and neurological assessment to check movements, strength, and reflexes. If a thoracic herniated disc is suspected after other serious causes have been excluded, diagnostic imaging may be performed. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred tool for visualizing the spinal cord, nerve roots, and intervertebral discs, providing detailed images to confirm a herniated disc.