A urinary tract infection (UTI) develops when bacteria enter the urinary system and multiply, causing discomfort and other symptoms. While UTIs are more commonly associated with women due to anatomical differences, men can also experience these infections. Men can indeed acquire a UTI after intimate contact with a woman, although this is not the same as a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Understanding UTIs in Men
In men, UTIs are bacterial infections that can affect any part of the urinary system, such as the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), or kidneys (pyelonephritis). Symptoms men might experience include a frequent or urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, and lower abdominal discomfort. Some men may also notice cloudy or strong-smelling urine, or, in more severe cases, fever, nausea, or pain in the sides or upper back.
The bacteria responsible for most UTIs originate from the gastrointestinal tract, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common culprit. Other bacteria like Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus species can also cause these infections. While the male urethra is longer than the female urethra, offering some protection, bacteria can still ascend to cause an infection.
Addressing the Transmission Question
A common misconception is that UTIs are sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, this is not the case. UTIs are bacterial infections, and while bacteria can be transferred during sexual activity, it differs from the transmission of specific STI pathogens. During sexual intercourse or other intimate contact, bacteria from a woman’s genital or anal area can enter a man’s urethra. This transfer of common bacteria, like E. coli, can then lead to an infection in the man’s urinary tract.
This mechanism is particularly relevant in cases of anal intercourse, where E. coli is abundant. Good hygiene practices, such as washing the genital area before and after sexual activity, can help reduce the amount of bacteria present and thus lower the risk of transfer. Urinating shortly after sex is also a recommended practice, as it can help flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
Factors Contributing to Male UTIs
Beyond direct bacterial transfer during sexual activity, several other factors can increase a man’s risk of developing a UTI. One common cause in older men is an enlarged prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). An enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, leading to incomplete bladder emptying and creating an environment where bacteria can multiply. Urinary tract abnormalities, such as kidney stones or structural issues, can also impede urine flow and contribute to infection.
The use of urinary catheters, either temporarily or long-term, introduces a direct pathway for bacteria into the bladder, increasing UTI risk. Underlying health conditions like diabetes can weaken the immune system, making men more susceptible to infections, including UTIs.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Treatment
Men experiencing symptoms of a UTI should consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Prompt medical attention can prevent a lower urinary tract infection from spreading to the kidneys, which can lead to more serious complications. The diagnostic process involves a urinalysis to check for white blood cells, red blood cells, or bacteria, followed by a urine culture to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.
Treatment for male UTIs involves antibiotics, and the specific medication and duration will depend on the type of bacteria and the severity of the infection. Complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to prevent antibiotic resistance. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, also supports the treatment by helping to flush bacteria from the urinary system.