Wrist pain can stem from various sources, and a ganglion cyst is one potential cause. While not every ganglion cyst causes pain, their presence can lead to discomfort in the wrist.
What Exactly is a Ganglion Cyst?
A ganglion cyst is a non-cancerous lump that commonly develops near joints or along tendons. These sacs are filled with synovial fluid, a natural lubricant found in joints and tendon sheaths. They are benign growths.
Cysts typically emerge from joint capsules or tendon sheaths, forming when fluid leaks and collects. While they can appear elsewhere, ganglion cysts are most frequently observed around the wrist and on the foot. Their size can vary, from small and unnoticeable to larger and more prominent.
How Ganglion Cysts Lead to Wrist Pain
Ganglion cysts can cause wrist pain through several mechanisms, depending on their size and location. One way pain arises is through nerve compression. If a cyst grows large enough or develops close to a nerve, it can press on it, leading to localized pain, tingling, or numbness.
Another mechanism involves interference with normal joint movement. A ganglion cyst, particularly if positioned within the joint space or along a tendon, can obstruct the smooth motion of the wrist. This mechanical interference can result in pain, especially when the wrist is moved through its full range of motion or when direct pressure is applied. The cyst or surrounding tissues may also experience inflammation, contributing to pain.
Recognizing the Signs
Beyond pain, a visible or palpable lump on the wrist is often the most noticeable sign. This lump can feel firm or soft, and it may be fixed or slightly movable under the skin.
Individuals might also experience weakness in the affected wrist or hand, making it difficult to grip objects. Nerve compression can manifest as tingling or numbness radiating into the fingers. The size of a ganglion cyst can fluctuate, appearing larger or smaller over time, possibly in response to activity levels. Pain often worsens with specific wrist movements or activities that stress the joint.
Diagnosis and Management Options
When a ganglion cyst is suspected, a healthcare professional typically begins with a physical examination. The doctor may press on the cyst to assess its size and tenderness, and perform a transillumination test to see if it glows, indicating a fluid-filled cyst. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, rule out other bone issues, while MRI or ultrasound provide a more detailed view of the cyst and confirm its nature.
Many ganglion cysts are asymptomatic or resolve on their own, leading to a “wait and see” approach. If the cyst causes pain or functional impairment, aspiration is a common minimally invasive procedure where fluid is drained using a needle. While aspiration can relieve symptoms, recurrence is possible.
Surgical excision may be recommended for cysts causing persistent pain, nerve compression, or significant wrist impairment. This procedure involves surgically removing the cyst and its stalk, which connects it to the joint capsule or tendon sheath. Even after surgical removal, there remains a chance of the cyst recurring. Consulting a healthcare professional is important for proper diagnosis and to discuss appropriate management options.