A deviated septum and post-nasal drip are common conditions affecting the nasal passages and throat. These issues can cause discomfort and impact daily life for many individuals. This article explores whether a deviated septum can contribute to post-nasal drip and what that connection entails.
Understanding a Deviated Septum
A deviated septum occurs when the wall of cartilage and bone that divides the nasal cavity into two nostrils is off-center or crooked. The nasal septum ideally lies centrally, creating symmetrical nasal passages. A displacement means one nasal passage is smaller than the other, a common condition affecting up to 80% of the population, often without causing symptoms. Some individuals are born with a deviated septum, while for others, it can result from a nose injury or trauma.
This anatomical displacement can impact nasal airflow, making it difficult to breathe through one or both nostrils. Reduced airflow becomes more noticeable during colds or allergies when nasal passages swell and narrow. A deviated septum can also affect the normal drainage of mucus from the nasal passages.
Understanding Post-Nasal Drip
Post-nasal drip (PND) happens when excess mucus accumulates in the back of the throat and drips down. The nose and throat continuously produce mucus, typically about one to two quarts daily, which normally mixes with saliva and is swallowed unnoticed. This mucus moistens nasal linings, humidifies inhaled air, traps irritants, and helps fight infections.
When mucus production increases or its consistency changes, it becomes more noticeable as post-nasal drip. Common symptoms include a persistent feeling of mucus draining into the throat, a frequent need to clear the throat, and a cough that often worsens at night. Other sensations can include a tickle or lump in the throat, hoarseness, bad breath, and sometimes nausea.
The Link Between Deviated Septum and Post-Nasal Drip
A deviated septum can lead to or worsen post-nasal drip through impaired nasal function. The structural misalignment obstructs nasal passages, making it difficult for air to flow smoothly. This restricted airflow can force individuals to breathe more through their mouth, bypassing the nose’s natural humidification and drying out the nasal lining. In response, the body may increase mucus production as a protective measure, contributing to post-nasal drip.
A deviated septum can also impair the normal drainage pathways of the sinuses. When these routes are blocked, mucus can become stagnant and accumulate, creating an environment for bacteria and viruses. This stagnation can lead to inflammation and recurrent sinus infections, causing increased mucus production and thickening. The excess or thickened mucus then drains down the back of the throat, manifesting as post-nasal drip. The dripping mucus can also lead to a persistent cough and throat clearing.
Addressing Deviated Septum and Post-Nasal Drip
When a deviated septum is suspected as the cause of post-nasal drip, a healthcare provider, such as an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, can perform a diagnosis. This involves a review of symptoms and a physical examination, often using an endoscope. The deviation’s severity and its impact on breathing and drainage determine the course of action.
Management options range from non-surgical approaches to surgical correction. For mild cases, symptoms can be managed with medications like nasal steroid sprays or decongestants, which reduce swelling and improve drainage, though they do not correct the anatomical deviation. Saline nasal rinses and humidifiers can also help by moistening nasal passages and thinning mucus, making it easier to clear. If non-surgical methods are insufficient, septoplasty may be recommended. This surgical procedure aims to straighten the septum and improve airflow and drainage, directly addressing the underlying structural issue.