A dental crown is a cap placed over a damaged or weakened tooth, restoring its shape, size, strength, and appearance. It fully encases the visible portion of the tooth, acting as a protective barrier. This article explores whether dental crowns can move and outlines appropriate actions if this occurs.
Understanding Crown Stability
A properly fitted and bonded dental crown should not move once in place. It is secured to the underlying tooth structure with strong dental cement, creating a tight seal designed to withstand biting and chewing forces. The crown aims to provide a stable, durable restoration.
Sometimes, an individual might perceive a sensation of movement even when the crown is firmly attached. This perception can arise from minor adjustments in the bite after crown placement, where the opposing teeth interact differently with the new surface. Gum sensitivity around the newly crowned tooth or slight pressure changes within the surrounding tissues can also create a feeling that something is amiss. However, these sensations are distinct from actual physical movement of the crown itself. Any genuine, noticeable movement of the crown indicates a compromise in its stability.
Common Causes of Crown Looseness
A frequent reason for a loose dental crown is the failure of the dental cement. Over time, cement can degrade, dissolve, or wash out from beneath the crown, especially along the margins. This compromises the bond, allowing the crown to wobble or fall off. Oral hygiene and diet can affect cement longevity.
New decay developing beneath the crown can also lead to its loosening. If bacteria penetrate the margins of the crown and cause decay on the underlying tooth structure, the supporting tooth material can weaken and shrink. This erosion of the tooth creates a void, causing the crown to lose its tight fit and become unstable. Regular dental check-ups are important for detecting such issues early.
An improper fit of the crown or an uneven bite can place undue stress on the restoration, contributing to its loosening. If the crown is not precisely aligned with the opposing teeth, or if it bears the brunt of chewing forces, the continuous pressure can gradually weaken the cement bond. Similarly, a crown that was not accurately fabricated to fit the prepared tooth can leave microscopic gaps, making it more susceptible to cement washout and eventual loosening. Physical trauma to the mouth, such as a fall or a sports injury, can also dislodge a crown.
Addressing a Loose Crown
If there is any suspicion that a dental crown has become loose, it is important to contact a dentist promptly. Attempting to re-cement the crown at home or ignoring the issue can lead to further complications. Dental cements require specific preparation and application techniques to ensure a proper and lasting bond. Self-treatment can result in an improper seal, leading to recurrent problems or damage to the underlying tooth.
Delaying professional attention for a loose crown carries several risks. The exposed underlying tooth is vulnerable to new decay, as it loses the protection provided by the crown. There is also a risk of the tooth fracturing or experiencing increased sensitivity and pain. In some cases, a loose crown could be accidentally swallowed or inhaled, posing a choking hazard. Prompt dental intervention can prevent these more serious outcomes.
During a dental visit, the dentist will examine the loose crown and underlying tooth, often using X-rays. Treatment options depend on the cause. If the crown is intact and the tooth healthy, re-cementing may be possible. If there’s significant decay or damage, a new crown or other restorative procedures might be needed. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene support crown stability.