A cystoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a slender, flexible tube (cystoscope) with a light and camera to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. This diagnostic tool helps identify and address various urinary tract issues. A common concern is the potential for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI). This article explores how cystoscopies can lead to UTIs, factors that increase this risk, and steps to minimize such infections.
How Cystoscopy Can Lead to a UTI
A urinary tract infection can develop after a cystoscopy primarily due to the introduction of bacteria into the urinary system. The urethra naturally harbors some bacteria, which can be inadvertently pushed into the bladder during cystoscope insertion.
Even with rigorous sterile techniques, the urinary tract can become susceptible to infection. The procedure may also cause minor irritation or trauma to the delicate lining of the urethra or bladder. This temporary vulnerability can make the urinary tract more receptive to bacterial colonization. The body’s natural defenses, like the flushing action of urine, can sometimes be overwhelmed.
Factors Increasing UTI Risk After Cystoscopy
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a UTI following a cystoscopy. These include pre-existing urinary tract conditions or a history of recurrent UTIs. Individuals with compromised immune systems are also more susceptible.
Being female also increases risk due to a shorter urethra, which provides a shorter pathway for bacteria to reach the bladder. The complexity or duration of the cystoscopy, and the presence of an indwelling catheter, can further elevate the risk. Older age and smoking are additional risk factors.
Reducing UTI Risk After Cystoscopy
Healthcare providers implement several measures to minimize the risk of post-cystoscopy UTIs. They rigorously adhere to sterile techniques during the procedure, ensuring all instruments are thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. For patients with higher risk factors, a doctor might prescribe prophylactic antibiotics before the procedure. Routine antibiotic use for all patients is not universally recommended, as it can contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Patients also have an active role in reducing their risk. Drinking plenty of water after the procedure helps flush the urinary system, aiding in the removal of any potential bacteria. Practicing good hygiene and emptying the bladder regularly can help prevent bacterial buildup. Avoiding irritants like scented feminine hygiene products can support a healthy urinary environment.
Recognizing a Post-Cystoscopy UTI
Understanding the common symptoms of a UTI is important for prompt action after a cystoscopy. Pain or a burning sensation during urination (dysuria) is a frequent sign. An increased frequency of urination or a strong, persistent urge to urinate can also indicate an infection.
Other symptoms include cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and sometimes blood in the urine beyond initial light spotting. Lower abdominal or pelvic pain, fever, chills, or a general feeling of malaise signal a more significant infection. While some discomfort is normal after a cystoscopy, symptoms that worsen, persist beyond a few days, or are accompanied by a fever warrant immediate medical attention.
Next Steps for a Suspected UTI
If you suspect a UTI after a cystoscopy, contact your healthcare provider or the clinic where the procedure was performed. Self-diagnosing or attempting to self-treat can delay appropriate care. Your doctor will likely request a urine sample for testing, including a urinalysis to check for signs of infection and a urine culture to identify the specific bacteria.
Once a UTI is confirmed, it is usually treated with a course of antibiotics. Following the prescribed dosage and completing the entire course of medication, even if symptoms improve, is important to ensure the infection is fully eradicated. Timely treatment helps prevent the infection from spreading to the kidneys or causing other complications.