A cracked tooth can lead to a serious infection. This dental issue requires prompt attention because an infection within the tooth can spread. Understanding how a crack allows bacteria to enter and recognizing the signs of infection are important for oral health.
How a Crack Allows Bacteria In
A tooth is composed of several layers. The outermost layer is the hard, protective enamel, followed by the softer dentin, and finally, the innermost pulp chamber. The pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue.
When a tooth cracks, even a tiny fracture, it can compromise these protective layers. A crack can create a pathway through the enamel and dentin, exposing the pulp to the oral environment. Oral bacteria can then invade this pulp chamber.
Once bacteria reach the pulp, they can multiply rapidly, leading to inflammation and infection. If left untreated, this infection can progress, forming a pus-filled pocket called an abscess at the root tip or in the surrounding gum tissue. This indicates the infection has spread beyond the pulp.
Signs of an Infected Cracked Tooth
An infected cracked tooth often presents with various symptoms. One common sign is persistent pain, especially when chewing or biting down. The pain might also intensify when releasing biting pressure. Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures is another indicator.
Swelling in the gum tissue around the affected tooth is a sign of infection. A persistent bad taste in the mouth or bad breath can occur. In more severe cases, an infection might cause systemic symptoms like fever or swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
When to Seek Dental Care
Seeking professional dental care is important if you suspect a cracked tooth or experience any signs of infection. Delaying treatment can lead to severe complications, as the infection can spread throughout the body. An untreated tooth abscess can lead to serious health issues, including sepsis.
Do not attempt self-diagnosis or home remedies for a cracked or infected tooth. While some home measures might offer temporary relief, they do not address the underlying infection. Only a dental professional can diagnose the extent of the crack and infection, and then provide appropriate treatment. Prompt intervention can prevent the condition from worsening and help preserve the tooth.
Treatment Options for Infected Cracked Teeth
Professional dental treatments for an infected cracked tooth vary depending on the severity and extent of the infection. One common procedure to save the tooth is root canal therapy. This involves removing the infected or inflamed pulp from inside the tooth, cleaning and sealing the root canals, and then filling and sealing the space to prevent further infection.
After a root canal, a dental crown is often placed over the treated tooth. This crown provides protection, strengthens the tooth, and restores its function and appearance, as a treated tooth can become brittle. In situations where the crack is severe, extending deep into the root or causing irreversible damage, tooth extraction may be necessary to prevent the spread of infection and alleviate pain.
If extraction is necessary, various options exist to replace the missing tooth, such as dental implants or bridges, to restore chewing function and maintain the alignment of surrounding teeth. The specific treatment plan will be determined by a dentist after a thorough examination, which may include X-rays to assess the crack’s depth and the infection’s spread. Early diagnosis and treatment lead to a more favorable outcome.