A bladder infection, also known as cystitis or a urinary tract infection (UTI), occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system and cause inflammation, most commonly in the bladder. While some minor infections might resolve on their own, it is generally not advisable to wait for a bladder infection to clear without medical intervention. Prompt medical attention is important to prevent the infection from progressing and leading to more serious health complications.
Understanding Bladder Infections
Bladder infections arise when bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the gastrointestinal tract, enter the urethra and travel upward to the bladder. The urinary system is designed to prevent such invasions, but these defenses can sometimes fail, allowing bacteria to multiply and cause an infection. Women experience bladder infections more often than men due to their shorter urethras and proximity to the anus, which provides an easier pathway for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Recognizing the Signs
Common symptoms include a frequent and strong urge to urinate, often with only a small amount of urine passed. Many individuals also experience a burning sensation or pain during urination. Other indicators can be cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine, and sometimes even visible blood. Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen or pelvic area is a common symptom.
The Risks of Waiting
Leaving a bladder infection untreated carries risks, as the infection can spread beyond the bladder. The primary concern is the potential for bacteria to travel up the ureters to the kidneys, leading to a kidney infection, called pyelonephritis. Kidney infections present with more severe symptoms, including fever, chills, and pain in the back, side, or groin. Nausea and vomiting can also accompany a kidney infection.
An untreated kidney infection can result in permanent kidney damage and potentially lead to chronic kidney disease. In some instances, the infection can enter the bloodstream, causing a life-threatening condition called sepsis. Sepsis is a severe response to infection that can lead to organ dysfunction and requires immediate hospitalization.
When Professional Help is Needed
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional as soon as symptoms of a bladder infection appear. A healthcare provider can diagnose a bladder infection with a simple urine test to check for bacteria. Treatment involves a course of antibiotics, which can quickly alleviate symptoms.
Immediate medical attention is necessary if symptoms suggest the infection has spread to the kidneys, such as fever, chills, back pain, or nausea and vomiting. Blood in the urine or symptoms that worsen or do not improve within a day or two also warrant prompt medical evaluation. Completing the entire course of prescribed antibiotics is important, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.