Yes, a 9-month-old infant can get strep throat, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, although it is not common. This bacterial infection is significantly less frequent in infants compared to school-aged children, typically those between 5 and 15 years old. Infants possess a still-developing immune system and may have protective maternal antibodies, contributing to this lower incidence. Reduced exposure to common infection sources also plays a role in its rarity among this age group.
Strep in Infants: A Rare Occurrence
Most sore throats in babies are actually caused by viral infections, which typically resolve without specific medical intervention. When infants do contract strep, it is often due to exposure from older siblings or adult carriers within the household or daycare settings. The bacteria, Group A Streptococcus, spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, or by direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
Pediatric medical providers generally do not test infants under three years old for strep unless there is a strong suspicion or known exposure. This approach is due to the rarity of the infection and the differing symptom presentation in this young age group.
Recognizing Symptoms in Babies
Identifying strep throat in infants can be challenging because they cannot articulate their discomfort, and their symptoms often differ from those seen in older children. Infants with strep may exhibit non-specific signs such as increased fussiness or irritability. Poor feeding or refusal to feed, along with a low-grade fever, are common indicators. Some babies might also have thickened or bloody nasal discharge, decreased wet diapers, or experience vomiting and diarrhea.
A fine, red rash on the torso, legs, and arms, which feels like sandpaper, can indicate scarlet fever, a condition caused by the same bacteria as strep throat. Swollen glands in the neck area may also be noticeable. A cough or runny nose are typically signs of a viral infection, making strep less likely.
Diagnosis and Medical Care
If strep throat is suspected in an infant, seeking prompt medical care from a pediatrician is important. The pediatrician will conduct a physical examination and inquire about the baby’s symptoms and any potential exposures. Diagnosis typically involves either a rapid strep test or a throat culture, both of which require a swab from the back of the throat. The rapid strep test provides results within minutes, but it can sometimes yield a false negative.
If the rapid test is negative but suspicion of strep remains, a throat culture may be performed, with results typically available in one to two days. If strep throat is confirmed, antibiotics are prescribed. Amoxicillin or penicillin are commonly chosen for infants, and it is important to complete the entire 10-day course as directed, even if symptoms improve quickly. Supportive care, such as ensuring adequate hydration through frequent feedings and managing fever with infant acetaminophen, can help make the baby more comfortable.
Importance of Timely Treatment
Prompt diagnosis and complete treatment of strep throat in infants are important to prevent potential complications. Untreated strep throat can lead to more serious health issues, although these are rare in infants under three years old. One such complication is acute rheumatic fever, which can affect the heart, joints, and brain. Another potential complication is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, a kidney disorder that can manifest one to two weeks after a strep infection.
Treating the infection helps alleviate symptoms and reduces the risk of spreading the bacteria to others. Adhering to the full course of antibiotics, even after symptoms subside, is important to completely eradicate the bacteria and prevent recurrence, ensuring the infection is fully cleared and minimizing further health concerns for the infant.