Kidney stones are solid formations of minerals and salts that develop in the kidneys. These hard deposits vary significantly in size and shape. While some remain in the kidney without symptoms, others can move into the urinary tract, leading to discomfort and potential complications. This movement often triggers pain, prompting questions about natural passage.
Can a 7mm Kidney Stone Pass Naturally?
A 7mm kidney stone can pass naturally, though it is more challenging than for smaller stones (under 5mm). Medical guidelines suggest stones 4mm or less have a high likelihood of spontaneous passage (over 80%). As stone size increases, this probability decreases significantly. For a 7mm stone, the chances of passing without medical assistance are considerably lower, estimated to be between 10% and 50%, depending on various individual factors.
Key Factors Influencing Passage
Several factors influence whether a 7mm kidney stone can pass naturally. Its location within the urinary tract is significant; stones closer to the bladder in the lower ureter are more likely to pass than those in the kidney or upper ureter. The stone’s shape also matters, as smooth stones pass more easily than jagged ones. An individual’s anatomy, such as ureter width and flexibility, impacts stone movement. Adequate hydration, by increasing urine production, can also aid passage.
Signs and Symptoms During Passage
When a kidney stone attempts to pass, it often causes distinct symptoms. The most common is intense, fluctuating pain, known as renal colic, typically felt in the flank or side of the back. This pain can radiate to the lower abdomen or groin as the stone moves. Blood in the urine (hematuria) is another frequent sign, occurring from irritation of the urinary tract lining. Other symptoms include frequent urges to urinate, a burning sensation during urination, nausea, and vomiting.
When to See a Doctor
Certain kidney stone symptoms necessitate immediate medical attention to prevent complications. Unmanageable pain that is unresponsive to medication indicates a need for professional evaluation. The presence of fever and chills alongside symptoms can signal a urinary tract infection, which requires prompt treatment. An inability to urinate or significantly decreased urine output may suggest a complete urinary tract obstruction, a medical emergency. Persistent nausea or vomiting leading to dehydration also warrants a doctor’s visit.
Treatment Options for 7mm Stones
When a 7mm kidney stone does not pass naturally or causes severe symptoms, several medical interventions are available. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive procedure that uses focused shock waves to break the stone into smaller fragments for easier passage. Ureteroscopy involves inserting a thin, lighted scope through the urethra and bladder into the ureter to either retrieve the stone or break it apart using a laser. For larger or more complex stones, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) may be recommended, involving a small incision to directly access and remove the stone from the kidney. These procedures aim to remove the stone or reduce its size to facilitate passage and alleviate symptoms.