Camellia sinensis extract is derived from the leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. This botanical extract is a concentrated form of beneficial compounds found in tea, recognized for its potential health applications. It is used in various products.
Origin and Composition
The Camellia sinensis plant is the singular source for all true teas, including green, black, oolong, and white varieties. This evergreen shrub or small tree originated in the borderlands of north Burma and southwestern China. Different processing methods applied to the leaves after harvesting determine the type of tea produced, such as minimal oxidation for green tea or full oxidation for black tea.
The extract is typically obtained from the leaves, leaf buds, and stems of the tea plant. Various extraction techniques are employed to maximize the yield of active components. The primary active compounds in Camellia sinensis extract are polyphenols, particularly catechins, L-theanine, and caffeine.
Polyphenols, a large family of compounds with strong antioxidant properties, are abundant, with catechins being the most significant. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and active catechin. L-theanine is an amino acid that contributes to tea’s flavor and aroma. Caffeine, a well-known stimulant, is also present.
Health Benefits
Camellia sinensis extract offers a range of scientifically supported health benefits, largely attributed to its rich composition of bioactive compounds. Its powerful antioxidant properties, mainly from catechins like EGCG, help neutralize free radicals, which are molecules linked to cellular damage and aging. This action supports overall cellular integrity and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
The extract also demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects. Compounds within it may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory substances, which can be beneficial in managing inflammatory conditions. Regarding cardiovascular health, regular intake may contribute to lower levels of total and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and triglycerides by reducing their absorption. It can also promote blood vessel relaxation and improve their function, potentially leading to slightly reduced blood pressure.
For metabolic support, the extract may boost metabolism and increase fat oxidation, especially during exercise. The caffeine content further assists with energy and appetite control. Cognitive enhancement is another reported benefit, as the combination of caffeine and L-theanine can improve focus, alertness, and mood without the jitteriness sometimes associated with coffee. L-theanine may also help promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
When applied topically, Camellia sinensis extract is used in skincare for its ability to soothe irritation and provide protection against environmental stressors. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles.
Applications and Safety Considerations
Camellia sinensis extract finds various applications in modern products, including dietary supplements, skincare formulations, and functional foods and beverages. In the cosmetic industry, tea extracts are valued for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective properties, contributing to skin health and appearance.
Despite its benefits, there are important safety considerations. Due to its caffeine content, excessive consumption of the extract can lead to side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, headache, dizziness, agitation, anxiety, and an irregular heartbeat. In rare instances, high doses of the extract have been linked to liver issues, including acute hepatitis.
The extract can interact with certain medications, including anticoagulants (blood thinners), potentially increasing the risk of bleeding. It may also interfere with certain medical tests, such as chemical stress tests. Individuals with pre-existing conditions like anemia, bleeding disorders, glaucoma, high blood pressure, irritable bowel syndrome, or liver disease should exercise caution. It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating Camellia sinensis extract into a routine, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications. Doses of up to 1.6 grams per day of green tea extract have been tolerated in human studies, with a maximum tolerated dose reported as 9.9 grams per day, equivalent to about 24 cups of green tea.