Buccal cells are epithelial cells lining the inside of the cheeks. These flat, thin cells form part of the buccal mucosa, which serves as a protective barrier within the oral cavity. They offer a readily available source of biological material, making them a valuable tool for various scientific investigations.
Distinctive Features of Buccal Cells
Buccal cells possess characteristics making them useful for scientific and medical applications. They are easily accessible from the oral cavity, allowing for non-invasive collection. The human body constantly sheds these cells, ensuring a continuous supply without discomfort.
Each buccal cell contains a nucleus, storing an individual’s complete genetic blueprint, or DNA. This DNA is generally of high quality and can be extracted for analysis. While quantities might be less than from blood samples, advancements in molecular techniques allow effective analysis. Furthermore, buccal cell DNA demonstrates good stability, remaining viable even after storage and transport at room temperature.
Primary Uses in Science and Medicine
Buccal cells are widely used in DNA testing for determining biological relationships, such as paternity and ancestry analysis. Their ease of collection makes them a preferred option for these personal genetic insights.
Buccal cells also play an important role in forensic investigations. DNA profiles from these cells can be compared to crime scene evidence to link or exclude individuals. This provides law enforcement with a non-invasive method for collecting reference samples. Beyond identification, buccal cells are extensively used in genetic research and epidemiological studies. They provide a convenient source for studying genetic factors that may influence disease susceptibility or other human traits.
In a diagnostic context, buccal cells enable genetic screening for various conditions. They can be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities or genetic mutations linked to certain diseases. Their non-invasive collection makes them suitable for widespread screening programs.
Simple Collection Methods
Collecting buccal cells is a straightforward and generally painless process. The most common method involves using a sterile swab, gently rubbed against the inside of the cheek for a short duration. This action scrapes off loose buccal epithelial cells.
To ensure a good sample, individuals may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for about 30 minutes before collection. After swabbing, the tip of the swab is usually air-dried. This simple technique allows for self-collection at home using kits, making DNA sample collection accessible to a broad population, including children and the elderly.