A typical adult body temperature generally falls within the range of 97°F to 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C). This range can fluctuate slightly based on factors such as activity level, time of day, and individual differences. Pregnancy introduces unique physiological changes that can influence a person’s baseline temperature.
Normal Temperature Changes During Pregnancy
During pregnancy, a person’s basal body temperature (BBT) often experiences a slight, sustained elevation. This change is primarily driven by an increase in progesterone, a hormone that plays a significant role in maintaining the pregnancy. Progesterone causes the body’s resting temperature to rise, and this elevation continues if pregnancy occurs. Feeling warmer than usual is a common physiological response during pregnancy, as the body’s basal metabolic rate increases to support the developing fetus. This continued warmth is distinct from a fever and is not a cause for concern.
Understanding Elevated Body Temperature
While a slight increase in body warmth is normal during pregnancy, a true elevated body temperature, or fever, is a different matter. A fever in pregnant individuals is defined as a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. It is important to differentiate this from the usual pregnancy-related warmth, as a fever signals an underlying health issue.
Common causes of fever during pregnancy include infections such as the common cold, influenza, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and respiratory infections. Foodborne illnesses like gastroenteritis or more serious infections like listeriosis or toxoplasmosis can also lead to a fever. External factors, such as prolonged exposure to hot environments like hot tubs or saunas, or strenuous exercise, can also temporarily raise body temperature, leading to hyperthermia. These external factors are distinct from a fever caused by an infection.
Risks and Management of Fever During Pregnancy
Prolonged or high fever during pregnancy can pose risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. For the mother, a fever can lead to dehydration. For the fetus, especially in the first trimester, high temperatures may be associated with an increased chance of neural tube defects and other birth defects. Addressing a fever promptly is important.
Managing a fever during pregnancy involves several steps. Contact your doctor if your temperature reaches 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, or if a lower-grade fever lasts for more than 24 hours. Other concerning symptoms warranting medical attention include:
Severe chills
Signs of dehydration, such as intense thirst or dark urine
Increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge
A decrease in fetal movements
Safe methods for reducing fever include resting, staying well-hydrated, and applying cool compresses to the forehead. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a safe over-the-counter medication for reducing fever and pain during pregnancy when taken as directed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and aspirin are not recommended during pregnancy, especially after 20 weeks of gestation, unless advised by a doctor. If an infection causes the fever, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.