A prostate biopsy collects small tissue samples from the prostate gland to check for conditions like cancer. This procedure uses a thin needle, often guided by ultrasound. Some bleeding is common and expected as part of the body’s natural recovery.
Expected Bleeding After Prostate Biopsy
After a prostate biopsy, various forms of temporary bleeding are normal. Rectal bleeding, appearing as small amounts of bright red blood, particularly with bowel movements, is common and typically resolves within a few days.
About half of men may experience blood in their urine (hematuria), which can cause urine to appear pink, red, or rust-colored. This discoloration can persist for several days to three weeks due to the needle passing through the bladder or urethra.
Blood in the semen (hematospermia) is also frequent. Semen may appear red, brown, or even black, and this discoloration can last for several weeks, sometimes up to two months. These types of bleeding are generally not a concern and usually diminish as the prostate heals.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While some bleeding is expected, certain signs warrant immediate medical attention. You should contact your healthcare provider if you experience heavy or persistent bleeding, such as soaking pads, continuous bright red blood, or passing large blood clots. Bleeding that does not decrease over time is also a reason to seek advice.
An inability or significant difficulty urinating (urinary retention) could indicate a blockage from blood clots or swelling, requiring prompt evaluation.
A fever above 101°F (38.3°C) with chills or feeling generally unwell may signal a serious urinary tract or prostate infection.
Report severe or worsening pain in the pelvis, rectum, or abdomen not relieved by over-the-counter medication. Also report any significant swelling or redness around the biopsy site.
Managing Recovery After a Prostate Biopsy
Following a prostate biopsy, specific measures promote healing and minimize bleeding. Engage in light activities for 24-48 hours, avoiding strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, or bending for one to two weeks. Gradually increase activity as pain allows.
Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, like water, to flush the bladder and reduce blood clot risk. Avoid blood thinners (aspirin, ibuprofen, other NSAIDs) unless advised by your doctor, as these can increase bleeding. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is generally recommended for pain.
Abstain from sexual activity for one to two weeks to reduce bleeding or infection risk. Managing bowel movements is also important; use stool softeners and maintain a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation and straining, reducing rectal bleeding.