Orchids are celebrated for their diverse beauty, with some varieties growing to impressive sizes that command attention. These substantial plants can become captivating focal points, bringing a unique tropical elegance to any indoor or outdoor space. Their striking presence makes them highly sought-after by plant enthusiasts looking to cultivate something truly grand.
Defining a Big Orchid
An orchid is considered “big” when it exceeds typical household plant dimensions, often reaching over 10 inches in height or length. This includes the scale of its individual components, such as extensive root systems or massive pseudobulbs that store water and nutrients. Their growth habits involve considerable spread, whether as clumping terrestrial plants or as epiphytes with long, fleshy stems and substantial foliage.
Large Orchid Varieties
Several orchid genera are known for their substantial size. Grammatophyllum speciosum, also known as the Tiger Orchid or Giant Orchid, holds the record as the world’s largest orchid species. Individual clumps can weigh up to two tons, producing flower stalks up to 2 meters long with numerous 10 cm wide flowers.
Another large group is Cymbidium orchids, featuring long, narrow leaves and tall flower spikes. These plants can reach heights of three feet, with blooms measuring up to 10 cm in diameter. Phaius tancarvilleae, commonly called the Nun’s Orchid, is a large terrestrial orchid with pleated leaves up to 4 feet long. Its flower stems also reach up to 4 feet in height, displaying flowers 7 to 12.5 cm wide.
Vanda orchids are known for their large, vibrant flowers, which can measure up to 5 inches in diameter. These orchids exhibit a monopodial growth habit, growing upwards from a single stem, and are characterized by long aerial roots. Some Vanda varieties grow 2 to 4 feet tall, with showy flower spikes extending up to 2 feet.
Caring for Big Orchids
Light Needs
Big orchids require bright, indirect light to support their substantial growth and encourage flowering. An east or south-facing window is ideal, providing ample light without the intensity of direct sun, which can scorch their leaves. Most orchids benefit from 12 to 14 hours of light daily. If natural light is insufficient, supplemental grow lights can be used for adequate light.
Watering and Humidity
Due to their larger size, big orchids need more water than smaller counterparts. It is advisable to water them frequently and thoroughly during their active growing season, allowing the potting medium to dry slightly between waterings. Water once every 7-10 days in winter and twice a week in warmer conditions. When watering, drench the pot completely and allow excess water to drain fully to prevent rot.
Maintaining appropriate humidity levels is also important for large orchids, with most thriving in environments between 40% and 70% humidity. Some varieties, like certain Vanda species, may prefer higher humidity. Indoors, this can be achieved with humidifiers or by grouping plants together to create a more humid microclimate.
Potting and Support
The substantial size of big orchids requires specific considerations for potting and support. Heavy-duty pots are required to provide stability, preventing them from toppling over as they grow. Potting media should allow for good drainage while retaining sufficient moisture, consisting of bark, sphagnum moss, or a specialized orchid mix.
Many large orchids benefit from structural support, such as staking, particularly those with tall flower spikes or a tendency to become top-heavy. Vanda orchids, with their extensive aerial root systems, are frequently grown in slatted baskets without traditional potting media, allowing roots to hang freely and absorb moisture from the air. This approach supports their natural epiphytic growth habit.
Fertilization
Big orchids, with their larger biomass, have increased nutrient demands. An effective fertilization strategy is the “weekly, weakly” approach, where a highly diluted fertilizer solution (1/4 to 1/2 strength) is applied weekly. To prevent salt buildup, flush the potting medium with plain water every fourth watering.
During the growing season, a balanced fertilizer, such as a 20-20-20 NPK ratio, is suitable. For orchids grown in bark-based media, a fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content, like 30-10-10 or 15-5-5, is beneficial due to bark’s tendency to consume nitrogen during decomposition. Fertilization should be reduced or withheld during the plant’s dormant period in winter, and resumed when new growth appears.
Displaying Big Orchids
Showcasing large orchids involves considering their substantial size and visual impact within a space. These plants serve as dramatic focal points when placed in areas with ample floor space or near large windows where their full stature is appreciated. Appropriate stands or sturdy hanging structures are necessary to accommodate their weight and dimensions.
Integrating big orchids into home decor can transform a room, adding a touch of tropical grandeur. Their vibrant blooms and lush foliage complement various interior styles, from minimalist to more elaborate designs. Strategic placement ensures they receive adequate light while also making a bold aesthetic statement.