Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 is a specific, well-researched probiotic strain. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. This article explores the distinct properties and documented health benefits of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019.
Unique Characteristics
Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 stands out among probiotic strains due to several defining features. This strain was originally isolated from a yogurt source. It is a gram-positive, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. Its complete genome sequence was published in 2018, allowing for stringent control of its quality, safety, and purity.
This strain demonstrates robust survival capabilities, tolerating low pH conditions and resistance to bile salts, important for passage through the digestive system. Studies have detected B. lactis HN019 in stools after consumption, indicating its ability to successfully pass through and transiently colonize the gastrointestinal tract.
Documented Health Impacts
Research on Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 has revealed several documented health impacts, primarily focusing on gut health and immune modulation. B. lactis HN019 has shown a role in regulating gut motility. It has been observed to reduce intestinal transit time and increase bowel movement frequency in individuals with functional constipation. Daily supplementation significantly decreased whole gut transit time in a dose-dependent manner, promoting bowel regularity and alleviating associated symptoms like straining.
B. lactis HN019 also contributes to gut comfort by helping to alleviate various gastrointestinal symptoms. Studies have indicated its ability to reduce symptoms such as gas production, bloating, and flatulence. This is particularly relevant for individuals experiencing general gastrointestinal discomfort. Its role in maintaining intestinal barrier function has also been noted, potentially by competing with and excluding harmful pathogens.
B. lactis HN019 has demonstrated effects on immune function, particularly in elderly individuals. It has been shown to enhance the activity of specific white blood cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. These cells defend the body against infections and foreign substances. Daily consumption has been associated with enhanced PMN and NK cell activity in healthy elderly adults, supporting the normal physiological function of the immune system.
Mechanisms of Action
Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 exerts its effects through various mechanisms within the digestive system. Like many probiotics, it contributes to the balance of the intestinal microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as other Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, while inhibiting harmful ones.
The strain also interacts directly with the host’s intestinal cells and immune system. B. lactis HN019 has demonstrated strong adhesive activity to human intestinal epithelial cells in laboratory settings, which is considered important for colonization. This interaction can influence the epithelial cells’ responses to inflammatory signals, potentially contributing to intestinal homeostasis and offering protection against infections.
Another mechanism involves the production of beneficial compounds. B. lactis HN019, as a Bifidobacterium, is known to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, through microbial fermentation. SCFAs are important metabolites that can influence gut motility and contribute to the integrity of the gut barrier. These compounds also play a role in cross-feeding other beneficial bacteria, further enhancing a healthy gut microbial community.
Safe Consumption Guidelines
Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 has a history of safe use and is generally well-tolerated by most individuals across various age groups. The species Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis has been present in human food products for decades and is included in safety lists by regulatory bodies. In the United States, B. lactis HN019 has been accepted as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) since 2012.
Clinical studies involving B. lactis HN019 have not reported safety concerns related to its consumption, even at higher doses. Typical daily dosages in research and supplements often range from 10^7 to 10^11 colony forming units (CFU) per day. Doses up to 3 x 10^11 CFU/day have been found safe for infants, children, adults, and seniors.
To effectively incorporate B. lactis HN019 into a routine, consistency is generally advised, as benefits are often observed with regular, daily intake. B. lactis HN019 is available in various formats, including dietary supplements and certain food products. It has been demonstrated to survive passage through simulated human digestion when delivered in various food matrices, including yogurts and juices.